minio/cmd/erasure-server-pool.go

// Copyright (c) 2015-2021 MinIO, Inc.
//
// This file is part of MinIO Object Storage stack
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package cmd

import (
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"io"
	"math/rand"
	"net/http"
	"sort"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/minio/madmin-go"
	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7/pkg/set"
	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7/pkg/tags"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/bucket/lifecycle"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/config/storageclass"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/logger"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/sync/errgroup"
	"github.com/minio/pkg/wildcard"
)

type erasureServerPools struct {
	GatewayUnsupported

	poolMetaMutex sync.RWMutex
	poolMeta      poolMeta
	serverPools   []*erasureSets

	// Shut down async operations
	shutdown context.CancelFunc

	// Active decommission canceler
	decommissionCancelers []context.CancelFunc
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) SinglePool() bool {
	return len(z.serverPools) == 1
}

// Initialize new pool of erasure sets.
func newErasureServerPools(ctx context.Context, endpointServerPools EndpointServerPools) (ObjectLayer, error) {
	var (
		deploymentID       string
		distributionAlgo   string
		commonParityDrives int
		err                error

		formats      = make([]*formatErasureV3, len(endpointServerPools))
		storageDisks = make([][]StorageAPI, len(endpointServerPools))
		z            = &erasureServerPools{
			serverPools: make([]*erasureSets, len(endpointServerPools)),
		}
	)

	var localDrives []StorageAPI
	local := endpointServerPools.FirstLocal()
	for i, ep := range endpointServerPools {
		// If storage class is not set during startup, default values are used
		// -- Default for Reduced Redundancy Storage class is, parity = 2
		// -- Default for Standard Storage class is, parity = 2 - disks 4, 5
		// -- Default for Standard Storage class is, parity = 3 - disks 6, 7
		// -- Default for Standard Storage class is, parity = 4 - disks 8 to 16
		if commonParityDrives == 0 {
			commonParityDrives = ecDrivesNoConfig(ep.DrivesPerSet)
		}

		if err = storageclass.ValidateParity(commonParityDrives, ep.DrivesPerSet); err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("All current serverPools should have same parity ratio - expected %d, got %d", commonParityDrives, ecDrivesNoConfig(ep.DrivesPerSet))
		}

		storageDisks[i], formats[i], err = waitForFormatErasure(local, ep.Endpoints, i+1,
			ep.SetCount, ep.DrivesPerSet, deploymentID, distributionAlgo)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		for _, storageDisk := range storageDisks[i] {
			if storageDisk != nil && storageDisk.IsLocal() {
				localDrives = append(localDrives, storageDisk)
			}
		}

		if deploymentID == "" {
			// all zones should have same deployment ID
			deploymentID = formats[i].ID
		}

		if distributionAlgo == "" {
			distributionAlgo = formats[i].Erasure.DistributionAlgo
		}

		// Validate if users brought different DeploymentID pools.
		if deploymentID != formats[i].ID {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("All serverPools should have same deployment ID expected %s, got %s", deploymentID, formats[i].ID)
		}

		z.serverPools[i], err = newErasureSets(ctx, ep, storageDisks[i], formats[i], commonParityDrives, i)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	}

	z.decommissionCancelers = make([]context.CancelFunc, len(z.serverPools))
	r := rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
	for {
		err := z.Init(ctx) // Initializes all pools.
		if err != nil {
			if !configRetriableErrors(err) {
				logger.Fatal(err, "Unable to initialize backend")
			}
			retry := time.Duration(r.Float64() * float64(5*time.Second))
			logger.LogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("Unable to initialize backend: %w, retrying in %s", err, retry))
			time.Sleep(retry)
			continue
		}
		break
	}

	drives := make([]string, 0, len(localDrives))
	for _, localDrive := range localDrives {
		drives = append(drives, localDrive.Endpoint().Path)
	}

	globalLocalDrives = localDrives
	ctx, z.shutdown = context.WithCancel(ctx)
	go intDataUpdateTracker.start(ctx, drives...)
	return z, nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) NewNSLock(bucket string, objects ...string) RWLocker {
	return z.serverPools[0].NewNSLock(bucket, objects...)
}

// GetDisksID will return disks by their ID.
func (z *erasureServerPools) GetDisksID(ids ...string) []StorageAPI {
	idMap := make(map[string]struct{})
	for _, id := range ids {
		idMap[id] = struct{}{}
	}
	res := make([]StorageAPI, 0, len(idMap))
	for _, s := range z.serverPools {
		s.erasureDisksMu.RLock()
		defer s.erasureDisksMu.RUnlock()
		for _, disks := range s.erasureDisks {
			for _, disk := range disks {
				if disk == OfflineDisk {
					continue
				}
				if id, _ := disk.GetDiskID(); id != "" {
					if _, ok := idMap[id]; ok {
						res = append(res, disk)
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return res
}

// GetRawData will return all files with a given raw path to the callback.
// Errors are ignored, only errors from the callback are returned.
// For now only direct file paths are supported.
func (z *erasureServerPools) GetRawData(ctx context.Context, volume, file string, fn func(r io.Reader, host string, disk string, filename string, info StatInfo) error) error {
	found := 0
	for _, s := range z.serverPools {
		for _, disks := range s.erasureDisks {
			for _, disk := range disks {
				if disk == OfflineDisk {
					continue
				}
				stats, err := disk.StatInfoFile(ctx, volume, file, true)
				if err != nil {
					continue
				}
				for _, si := range stats {
					found++
					var r io.ReadCloser
					if !si.Dir {
						r, err = disk.ReadFileStream(ctx, volume, si.Name, 0, si.Size)
						if err != nil {
							continue
						}
					} else {
						r = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewBuffer([]byte{}))
					}
					// Keep disk path instead of ID, to ensure that the downloaded zip file can be
					// easily automated with `minio server hostname{1...n}/disk{1...m}`.
					err = fn(r, disk.Hostname(), disk.Endpoint().Path, pathJoin(volume, si.Name), si)
					r.Close()
					if err != nil {
						return err
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if found == 0 {
		return errFileNotFound
	}
	return nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) SetDriveCounts() []int {
	setDriveCounts := make([]int, len(z.serverPools))
	for i := range z.serverPools {
		setDriveCounts[i] = z.serverPools[i].SetDriveCount()
	}
	return setDriveCounts
}

type serverPoolsAvailableSpace []poolAvailableSpace

type poolAvailableSpace struct {
	Index     int
	Available uint64
}

// TotalAvailable - total available space
func (p serverPoolsAvailableSpace) TotalAvailable() uint64 {
	total := uint64(0)
	for _, z := range p {
		total += z.Available
	}
	return total
}

// getAvailablePoolIdx will return an index that can hold size bytes.
// -1 is returned if no serverPools have available space for the size given.
func (z *erasureServerPools) getAvailablePoolIdx(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, size int64) int {
	serverPools := z.getServerPoolsAvailableSpace(ctx, bucket, object, size)
	total := serverPools.TotalAvailable()
	if total == 0 {
		return -1
	}
	// choose when we reach this many
	choose := rand.Uint64() % total
	atTotal := uint64(0)
	for _, pool := range serverPools {
		atTotal += pool.Available
		if atTotal > choose && pool.Available > 0 {
			return pool.Index
		}
	}
	// Should not happen, but print values just in case.
	logger.LogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("reached end of serverPools (total: %v, atTotal: %v, choose: %v)", total, atTotal, choose))
	return -1
}

// getServerPoolsAvailableSpace will return the available space of each pool after storing the content.
// If there is not enough space the pool will return 0 bytes available.
// Negative sizes are seen as 0 bytes.
func (z *erasureServerPools) getServerPoolsAvailableSpace(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, size int64) serverPoolsAvailableSpace {
	serverPools := make(serverPoolsAvailableSpace, len(z.serverPools))

	storageInfos := make([][]*DiskInfo, len(z.serverPools))
	g := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(z.serverPools))
	for index := range z.serverPools {
		index := index
		// skip suspended pools for any new I/O.
		if z.IsSuspended(index) {
			continue
		}
		g.Go(func() error {
			// Get the set where it would be placed.
			storageInfos[index] = getDiskInfos(ctx, z.serverPools[index].getHashedSet(object).getDisks())
			return nil
		}, index)
	}

	// Wait for the go routines.
	g.Wait()

	for i, zinfo := range storageInfos {
		var available uint64
		if !isMinioMetaBucketName(bucket) && !hasSpaceFor(zinfo, size) {
			serverPools[i] = poolAvailableSpace{Index: i}
			continue
		}
		for _, disk := range zinfo {
			if disk == nil {
				continue
			}
			available += disk.Total - disk.Used
		}
		serverPools[i] = poolAvailableSpace{
			Index:     i,
			Available: available,
		}
	}
	return serverPools
}

// poolObjInfo represents the state of an object per pool
type poolObjInfo struct {
	PoolIndex int
	ObjInfo   ObjectInfo
	Err       error
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) (idx int, err error) {
	if z.SinglePool() {
		return 0, nil
	}

	poolObjInfos := make([]poolObjInfo, len(z.serverPools))
	poolOpts := make([]ObjectOptions, len(z.serverPools))
	for i := range z.serverPools {
		poolOpts[i] = opts
	}

	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	for i, pool := range z.serverPools {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func(i int, pool *erasureSets, opts ObjectOptions) {
			defer wg.Done()
			// remember the pool index, we may sort the slice original index might be lost.
			pinfo := poolObjInfo{
				PoolIndex: i,
			}
			// do not remove this check as it can lead to inconsistencies
			// for all callers of bucket replication.
			opts.VersionID = ""
			pinfo.ObjInfo, pinfo.Err = pool.GetObjectInfo(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
			poolObjInfos[i] = pinfo
		}(i, pool, poolOpts[i])
	}
	wg.Wait()

	// Sort the objInfos such that we always serve latest
	// this is a defensive change to handle any duplicate
	// content that may have been created, we always serve
	// the latest object.
	sort.Slice(poolObjInfos, func(i, j int) bool {
		mtime1 := poolObjInfos[i].ObjInfo.ModTime
		mtime2 := poolObjInfos[j].ObjInfo.ModTime
		return mtime1.After(mtime2)
	})

	for _, pinfo := range poolObjInfos {
		// skip all objects from suspended pools for mutating calls.
		if z.IsSuspended(pinfo.PoolIndex) && opts.Mutate {
			continue
		}

		if pinfo.Err != nil && !isErrObjectNotFound(pinfo.Err) {
			return -1, pinfo.Err
		}

		if isErrObjectNotFound(pinfo.Err) {
			// No object exists or its a delete marker,
			// check objInfo to confirm.
			if pinfo.ObjInfo.DeleteMarker && pinfo.ObjInfo.Name != "" {
				return pinfo.PoolIndex, nil
			}

			// objInfo is not valid, truly the object doesn't
			// exist proceed to next pool.
			continue
		}

		return pinfo.PoolIndex, nil
	}

	return -1, toObjectErr(errFileNotFound, bucket, object)
}

// getPoolIdxExistingNoLock returns the (first) found object pool index containing an object.
// If the object exists, but the latest version is a delete marker, the index with it is still returned.
// If the object does not exist ObjectNotFound error is returned.
// If any other error is found, it is returned.
// The check is skipped if there is only one zone, and 0, nil is always returned in that case.
func (z *erasureServerPools) getPoolIdxExistingNoLock(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string) (idx int, err error) {
	return z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, ObjectOptions{
		NoLock: true,
		Mutate: true,
	})
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) getPoolIdxNoLock(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, size int64) (idx int, err error) {
	idx, err = z.getPoolIdxExistingNoLock(ctx, bucket, object)
	if err != nil && !isErrObjectNotFound(err) {
		return idx, err
	}

	if isErrObjectNotFound(err) {
		idx = z.getAvailablePoolIdx(ctx, bucket, object, size)
		if idx < 0 {
			return -1, toObjectErr(errDiskFull)
		}
	}

	return idx, nil
}

// getPoolIdx returns the found previous object and its corresponding pool idx,
// if none are found falls back to most available space pool, this function is
// designed to be only used by PutObject, CopyObject (newObject creation) and NewMultipartUpload.
func (z *erasureServerPools) getPoolIdx(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, size int64) (idx int, err error) {
	idx, err = z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, ObjectOptions{Mutate: true})
	if err != nil && !isErrObjectNotFound(err) {
		return idx, err
	}

	if isErrObjectNotFound(err) {
		idx = z.getAvailablePoolIdx(ctx, bucket, object, size)
		if idx < 0 {
			return -1, toObjectErr(errDiskFull)
		}
	}

	return idx, nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) Shutdown(ctx context.Context) error {
	defer z.shutdown()

	g := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(z.serverPools))

	for index := range z.serverPools {
		index := index
		g.Go(func() error {
			return z.serverPools[index].Shutdown(ctx)
		}, index)
	}

	for _, err := range g.Wait() {
		if err != nil {
			logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
		}
		// let's the rest shutdown
	}
	return nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) BackendInfo() (b madmin.BackendInfo) {
	b.Type = madmin.Erasure

	scParity := globalStorageClass.GetParityForSC(storageclass.STANDARD)
	if scParity <= 0 {
		scParity = z.serverPools[0].defaultParityCount
	}
	rrSCParity := globalStorageClass.GetParityForSC(storageclass.RRS)

	// Data blocks can vary per pool, but parity is same.
	for _, setDriveCount := range z.SetDriveCounts() {
		b.StandardSCData = append(b.StandardSCData, setDriveCount-scParity)
		b.RRSCData = append(b.RRSCData, setDriveCount-rrSCParity)
	}

	b.StandardSCParity = scParity
	b.RRSCParity = rrSCParity
	return
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) LocalStorageInfo(ctx context.Context) (StorageInfo, []error) {
	var storageInfo StorageInfo

	storageInfos := make([]StorageInfo, len(z.serverPools))
	storageInfosErrs := make([][]error, len(z.serverPools))
	g := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(z.serverPools))
	for index := range z.serverPools {
		index := index
		g.Go(func() error {
			storageInfos[index], storageInfosErrs[index] = z.serverPools[index].LocalStorageInfo(ctx)
			return nil
		}, index)
	}

	// Wait for the go routines.
	g.Wait()

	storageInfo.Backend = z.BackendInfo()
	for _, lstorageInfo := range storageInfos {
		storageInfo.Disks = append(storageInfo.Disks, lstorageInfo.Disks...)
	}

	var errs []error
	for i := range z.serverPools {
		errs = append(errs, storageInfosErrs[i]...)
	}
	return storageInfo, errs
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) StorageInfo(ctx context.Context) (StorageInfo, []error) {
	var storageInfo StorageInfo

	storageInfos := make([]StorageInfo, len(z.serverPools))
	storageInfosErrs := make([][]error, len(z.serverPools))
	g := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(z.serverPools))
	for index := range z.serverPools {
		index := index
		g.Go(func() error {
			storageInfos[index], storageInfosErrs[index] = z.serverPools[index].StorageInfo(ctx)
			return nil
		}, index)
	}

	// Wait for the go routines.
	g.Wait()

	storageInfo.Backend = z.BackendInfo()
	for _, lstorageInfo := range storageInfos {
		storageInfo.Disks = append(storageInfo.Disks, lstorageInfo.Disks...)
	}

	var errs []error
	for i := range z.serverPools {
		errs = append(errs, storageInfosErrs[i]...)
	}
	return storageInfo, errs
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) NSScanner(ctx context.Context, bf *bloomFilter, updates chan<- DataUsageInfo, wantCycle uint32, healScanMode madmin.HealScanMode) error {
	// Updates must be closed before we return.
	defer close(updates)

	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
	defer cancel()

	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	var mu sync.Mutex
	var results []dataUsageCache
	var firstErr error

	allBuckets, err := z.ListBuckets(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if len(allBuckets) == 0 {
		updates <- DataUsageInfo{} // no buckets found update data usage to reflect latest state
		return nil
	}

	// Scanner latest allBuckets first.
	sort.Slice(allBuckets, func(i, j int) bool {
		return allBuckets[i].Created.After(allBuckets[j].Created)
	})

	// Collect for each set in serverPools.
	for _, z := range z.serverPools {
		for _, erObj := range z.sets {
			wg.Add(1)
			results = append(results, dataUsageCache{})
			go func(i int, erObj *erasureObjects) {
				updates := make(chan dataUsageCache, 1)
				defer close(updates)
				// Start update collector.
				go func() {
					defer wg.Done()
					for info := range updates {
						mu.Lock()
						results[i] = info
						mu.Unlock()
					}
				}()
				// Start scanner. Blocks until done.
				err := erObj.nsScanner(ctx, allBuckets, bf, wantCycle, updates, healScanMode)
				if err != nil {
					logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
					mu.Lock()
					if firstErr == nil {
						firstErr = err
					}
					// Cancel remaining...
					cancel()
					mu.Unlock()
					return
				}
			}(len(results)-1, erObj)
		}
	}
	updateCloser := make(chan chan struct{})
	go func() {
		updateTicker := time.NewTicker(30 * time.Second)
		defer updateTicker.Stop()
		var lastUpdate time.Time

		// We need to merge since we will get the same buckets from each pool.
		// Therefore to get the exact bucket sizes we must merge before we can convert.
		var allMerged dataUsageCache

		update := func() {
			mu.Lock()
			defer mu.Unlock()

			allMerged = dataUsageCache{Info: dataUsageCacheInfo{Name: dataUsageRoot}}
			for _, info := range results {
				if info.Info.LastUpdate.IsZero() {
					// Not filled yet.
					return
				}
				allMerged.merge(info)
			}
			if allMerged.root() != nil && allMerged.Info.LastUpdate.After(lastUpdate) {
				updates <- allMerged.dui(allMerged.Info.Name, allBuckets)
				lastUpdate = allMerged.Info.LastUpdate
			}
		}
		for {
			select {
			case <-ctx.Done():
				return
			case v := <-updateCloser:
				update()
				close(v)
				return
			case <-updateTicker.C:
				update()
			}
		}
	}()

	wg.Wait()
	ch := make(chan struct{})
	select {
	case updateCloser <- ch:
		<-ch
	case <-ctx.Done():
		if firstErr == nil {
			firstErr = ctx.Err()
		}
	}
	return firstErr
}

// MakeBucketWithLocation - creates a new bucket across all serverPools simultaneously
// even if one of the sets fail to create buckets, we proceed all the successful
// operations.
func (z *erasureServerPools) MakeBucketWithLocation(ctx context.Context, bucket string, opts BucketOptions) error {
	g := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(z.serverPools))

	// Lock the bucket name before creating.
	lk := z.NewNSLock(minioMetaTmpBucket, bucket+".lck")
	lkctx, err := lk.GetLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	ctx = lkctx.Context()
	defer lk.Unlock(lkctx.Cancel)

	// Create buckets in parallel across all sets.
	for index := range z.serverPools {
		index := index
		g.Go(func() error {
			if z.IsSuspended(index) {
				return nil
			}
			return z.serverPools[index].MakeBucketWithLocation(ctx, bucket, opts)
		}, index)
	}

	errs := g.Wait()
	// Return the first encountered error
	for _, err := range errs {
		if err != nil {
			if _, ok := err.(BucketExists); !ok {
				// Delete created buckets, ignoring errors.
				z.DeleteBucket(context.Background(), bucket, DeleteBucketOptions{
					Force:      false,
					NoRecreate: true,
				})
			}
			return err
		}
	}

	// If it doesn't exist we get a new, so ignore errors
	meta := newBucketMetadata(bucket)
	if opts.LockEnabled {
		meta.VersioningConfigXML = enabledBucketVersioningConfig
		meta.ObjectLockConfigXML = enabledBucketObjectLockConfig
	}

	if opts.VersioningEnabled {
		meta.VersioningConfigXML = enabledBucketVersioningConfig
	}

	if err := meta.Save(context.Background(), z); err != nil {
		return toObjectErr(err, bucket)
	}

	globalBucketMetadataSys.Set(bucket, meta)

	// Success.
	return nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) GetObjectNInfo(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, rs *HTTPRangeSpec, h http.Header, lockType LockType, opts ObjectOptions) (gr *GetObjectReader, err error) {
	if err = checkGetObjArgs(ctx, bucket, object); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	object = encodeDirObject(object)

	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].GetObjectNInfo(ctx, bucket, object, rs, h, lockType, opts)
	}

	var unlockOnDefer bool
	nsUnlocker := func() {}
	defer func() {
		if unlockOnDefer {
			nsUnlocker()
		}
	}()

	// Acquire lock
	if lockType != noLock {
		lock := z.NewNSLock(bucket, object)
		switch lockType {
		case writeLock:
			lkctx, err := lock.GetLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			ctx = lkctx.Context()
			nsUnlocker = func() { lock.Unlock(lkctx.Cancel) }
		case readLock:
			lkctx, err := lock.GetRLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
			if err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
			ctx = lkctx.Context()
			nsUnlocker = func() { lock.RUnlock(lkctx.Cancel) }
		}
		unlockOnDefer = true
	}

	checkPrecondFn := opts.CheckPrecondFn
	opts.CheckPrecondFn = nil // do not need to apply pre-conditions at lower layer.
	opts.NoLock = true        // no locks needed at lower levels for getObjectInfo()
	objInfo, zIdx, err := z.getLatestObjectInfoWithIdx(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	if err != nil {
		if objInfo.DeleteMarker {
			if opts.VersionID == "" {
				return &GetObjectReader{
					ObjInfo: objInfo,
				}, toObjectErr(errFileNotFound, bucket, object)
			}
			// Make sure to return object info to provide extra information.
			return &GetObjectReader{
				ObjInfo: objInfo,
			}, toObjectErr(errMethodNotAllowed, bucket, object)
		}
		return nil, err
	}

	// check preconditions before reading the stream.
	if checkPrecondFn != nil && checkPrecondFn(objInfo) {
		return nil, PreConditionFailed{}
	}

	lockType = noLock // do not take locks at lower levels for GetObjectNInfo()
	return z.serverPools[zIdx].GetObjectNInfo(ctx, bucket, object, rs, h, lockType, opts)
}

// getLatestObjectInfoWithIdx returns the objectInfo of the latest object from multiple pools (this function
// is present in-case there were duplicate writes to both pools, this function also returns the
// additional index where the latest object exists, that is used to start the GetObject stream.
func (z *erasureServerPools) getLatestObjectInfoWithIdx(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) (ObjectInfo, int, error) {
	object = encodeDirObject(object)
	results := make([]struct {
		zIdx int
		oi   ObjectInfo
		err  error
	}, len(z.serverPools))
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	for i, pool := range z.serverPools {
		wg.Add(1)
		go func(i int, pool *erasureSets) {
			defer wg.Done()
			results[i].zIdx = i
			results[i].oi, results[i].err = pool.GetObjectInfo(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
		}(i, pool)
	}
	wg.Wait()

	// Sort the objInfos such that we always serve latest
	// this is a defensive change to handle any duplicate
	// content that may have been created, we always serve
	// the latest object.
	sort.Slice(results, func(i, j int) bool {
		a, b := results[i], results[j]
		if a.oi.ModTime.Equal(b.oi.ModTime) {
			// On tiebreak, select the lowest zone index.
			return a.zIdx < b.zIdx
		}
		return a.oi.ModTime.After(b.oi.ModTime)
	})

	for _, res := range results {
		err := res.err
		if err == nil {
			return res.oi, res.zIdx, nil
		}
		if !isErrObjectNotFound(err) && !isErrVersionNotFound(err) {
			// some errors such as MethodNotAllowed for delete marker
			// should be returned upwards.
			return res.oi, res.zIdx, err
		}
		// When its a delete marker and versionID is empty
		// we should simply return the error right away.
		if res.oi.DeleteMarker && opts.VersionID == "" {
			return res.oi, res.zIdx, err
		}
	}

	object = decodeDirObject(object)
	if opts.VersionID != "" {
		return ObjectInfo{}, -1, VersionNotFound{Bucket: bucket, Object: object, VersionID: opts.VersionID}
	}
	return ObjectInfo{}, -1, ObjectNotFound{Bucket: bucket, Object: object}
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) GetObjectInfo(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) (objInfo ObjectInfo, err error) {
	if err = checkGetObjArgs(ctx, bucket, object); err != nil {
		return objInfo, err
	}

	object = encodeDirObject(object)

	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].GetObjectInfo(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	}

	if !opts.NoLock {
		opts.NoLock = true // avoid taking locks at lower levels for multi-pool setups.

		// Lock the object before reading.
		lk := z.NewNSLock(bucket, object)
		lkctx, err := lk.GetRLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
		if err != nil {
			return ObjectInfo{}, err
		}
		ctx = lkctx.Context()
		defer lk.RUnlock(lkctx.Cancel)
	}

	objInfo, _, err = z.getLatestObjectInfoWithIdx(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	return objInfo, err
}

// PutObject - writes an object to least used erasure pool.
func (z *erasureServerPools) PutObject(ctx context.Context, bucket string, object string, data *PutObjReader, opts ObjectOptions) (ObjectInfo, error) {
	// Validate put object input args.
	if err := checkPutObjectArgs(ctx, bucket, object, z); err != nil {
		return ObjectInfo{}, err
	}

	object = encodeDirObject(object)

	if z.SinglePool() {
		if !isMinioMetaBucketName(bucket) && !hasSpaceFor(getDiskInfos(ctx, z.serverPools[0].getHashedSet(object).getDisks()), data.Size()) {
			return ObjectInfo{}, toObjectErr(errDiskFull)
		}
		return z.serverPools[0].PutObject(ctx, bucket, object, data, opts)
	}
	if !opts.NoLock {
		ns := z.NewNSLock(bucket, object)
		lkctx, err := ns.GetLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
		if err != nil {
			return ObjectInfo{}, err
		}
		ctx = lkctx.Context()
		defer ns.Unlock(lkctx.Cancel)
		opts.NoLock = true
	}

	idx, err := z.getPoolIdxNoLock(ctx, bucket, object, data.Size())
	if err != nil {
		return ObjectInfo{}, err
	}

	// Overwrite the object at the right pool
	return z.serverPools[idx].PutObject(ctx, bucket, object, data, opts)
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) deletePrefix(ctx context.Context, bucket string, prefix string) error {
	for idx, zone := range z.serverPools {
		if z.IsSuspended(idx) {
			logger.LogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("pool %d is suspended, all writes are suspended", idx+1))
			continue
		}
		_, err := zone.DeleteObject(ctx, bucket, prefix, ObjectOptions{DeletePrefix: true})
		if err != nil {
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) DeleteObject(ctx context.Context, bucket string, object string, opts ObjectOptions) (objInfo ObjectInfo, err error) {
	if err = checkDelObjArgs(ctx, bucket, object); err != nil {
		return objInfo, err
	}

	if opts.DeletePrefix {
		err := z.deletePrefix(ctx, bucket, object)
		return ObjectInfo{}, err
	}

	object = encodeDirObject(object)
	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].DeleteObject(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	}

	opts.Mutate = true
	idx, err := z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	if err != nil {
		return objInfo, err
	}

	return z.serverPools[idx].DeleteObject(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) DeleteObjects(ctx context.Context, bucket string, objects []ObjectToDelete, opts ObjectOptions) ([]DeletedObject, []error) {
	derrs := make([]error, len(objects))
	dobjects := make([]DeletedObject, len(objects))
	objSets := set.NewStringSet()
	for i := range derrs {
		objects[i].ObjectName = encodeDirObject(objects[i].ObjectName)

		derrs[i] = checkDelObjArgs(ctx, bucket, objects[i].ObjectName)
		objSets.Add(objects[i].ObjectName)
	}

	// Acquire a bulk write lock across 'objects'
	multiDeleteLock := z.NewNSLock(bucket, objSets.ToSlice()...)
	lkctx, err := multiDeleteLock.GetLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
	if err != nil {
		for i := range derrs {
			derrs[i] = err
		}
		return dobjects, derrs
	}
	ctx = lkctx.Context()
	defer multiDeleteLock.Unlock(lkctx.Cancel)

	if z.SinglePool() {
		deleteObjects, dErrs := z.serverPools[0].DeleteObjects(ctx, bucket, objects, opts)
		for i := range deleteObjects {
			deleteObjects[i].ObjectName = decodeDirObject(deleteObjects[i].ObjectName)
		}
		return deleteObjects, dErrs
	}

	// Fetch location of up to 10 objects concurrently.
	poolObjIdxMap := map[int][]ObjectToDelete{}
	origIndexMap := map[int][]int{}

	var mu sync.Mutex
	eg := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(objects)).WithConcurrency(10)
	for j, obj := range objects {
		j := j
		obj := obj
		eg.Go(func() error {
			idx, err := z.getPoolIdxExistingNoLock(ctx, bucket, obj.ObjectName)
			if err != nil {
				derrs[j] = err
				return nil
			}
			mu.Lock()
			poolObjIdxMap[idx] = append(poolObjIdxMap[idx], obj)
			origIndexMap[idx] = append(origIndexMap[idx], j)
			mu.Unlock()
			return nil
		}, j)
	}

	eg.Wait() // wait to check all the pools.

	// Delete concurrently in all server pools.
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	wg.Add(len(z.serverPools))
	for idx, pool := range z.serverPools {
		go func(idx int, pool *erasureSets) {
			defer wg.Done()
			objs := poolObjIdxMap[idx]
			if len(objs) > 0 {
				orgIndexes := origIndexMap[idx]
				deletedObjects, errs := pool.DeleteObjects(ctx, bucket, objs, opts)
				mu.Lock()
				for i, derr := range errs {
					if derr != nil {
						derrs[orgIndexes[i]] = derr
					}
					deletedObjects[i].ObjectName = decodeDirObject(deletedObjects[i].ObjectName)
					dobjects[orgIndexes[i]] = deletedObjects[i]
				}
				mu.Unlock()
			}
		}(idx, pool)
	}
	wg.Wait()

	return dobjects, derrs
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) CopyObject(ctx context.Context, srcBucket, srcObject, dstBucket, dstObject string, srcInfo ObjectInfo, srcOpts, dstOpts ObjectOptions) (objInfo ObjectInfo, err error) {
	srcObject = encodeDirObject(srcObject)
	dstObject = encodeDirObject(dstObject)

	cpSrcDstSame := isStringEqual(pathJoin(srcBucket, srcObject), pathJoin(dstBucket, dstObject))

	if !dstOpts.NoLock {
		ns := z.NewNSLock(dstBucket, dstObject)
		lkctx, err := ns.GetLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
		if err != nil {
			return ObjectInfo{}, err
		}
		ctx = lkctx.Context()
		defer ns.Unlock(lkctx.Cancel)
		dstOpts.NoLock = true
	}

	poolIdx, err := z.getPoolIdxNoLock(ctx, dstBucket, dstObject, srcInfo.Size)
	if err != nil {
		return objInfo, err
	}

	if cpSrcDstSame && srcInfo.metadataOnly {
		// Version ID is set for the destination and source == destination version ID.
		if dstOpts.VersionID != "" && srcOpts.VersionID == dstOpts.VersionID {
			return z.serverPools[poolIdx].CopyObject(ctx, srcBucket, srcObject, dstBucket, dstObject, srcInfo, srcOpts, dstOpts)
		}
		// Destination is not versioned and source version ID is empty
		// perform an in-place update.
		if !dstOpts.Versioned && srcOpts.VersionID == "" {
			return z.serverPools[poolIdx].CopyObject(ctx, srcBucket, srcObject, dstBucket, dstObject, srcInfo, srcOpts, dstOpts)
		}
		// Destination is versioned, source is not destination version,
		// as a special case look for if the source object is not legacy
		// from older format, for older format we will rewrite them as
		// newer using PutObject() - this is an optimization to save space
		if dstOpts.Versioned && srcOpts.VersionID != dstOpts.VersionID && !srcInfo.Legacy {
			// CopyObject optimization where we don't create an entire copy
			// of the content, instead we add a reference.
			srcInfo.versionOnly = true
			return z.serverPools[poolIdx].CopyObject(ctx, srcBucket, srcObject, dstBucket, dstObject, srcInfo, srcOpts, dstOpts)
		}
	}

	putOpts := ObjectOptions{
		ServerSideEncryption: dstOpts.ServerSideEncryption,
		UserDefined:          srcInfo.UserDefined,
		Versioned:            dstOpts.Versioned,
		VersionID:            dstOpts.VersionID,
		MTime:                dstOpts.MTime,
		NoLock:               true,
	}

	return z.serverPools[poolIdx].PutObject(ctx, dstBucket, dstObject, srcInfo.PutObjReader, putOpts)
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) ListObjectsV2(ctx context.Context, bucket, prefix, continuationToken, delimiter string, maxKeys int, fetchOwner bool, startAfter string) (ListObjectsV2Info, error) {
	marker := continuationToken
	if marker == "" {
		marker = startAfter
	}

	loi, err := z.ListObjects(ctx, bucket, prefix, marker, delimiter, maxKeys)
	if err != nil {
		return ListObjectsV2Info{}, err
	}

	listObjectsV2Info := ListObjectsV2Info{
		IsTruncated:           loi.IsTruncated,
		ContinuationToken:     continuationToken,
		NextContinuationToken: loi.NextMarker,
		Objects:               loi.Objects,
		Prefixes:              loi.Prefixes,
	}
	return listObjectsV2Info, err
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) ListObjectVersions(ctx context.Context, bucket, prefix, marker, versionMarker, delimiter string, maxKeys int) (ListObjectVersionsInfo, error) {
	loi := ListObjectVersionsInfo{}
	if marker == "" && versionMarker != "" {
		return loi, NotImplemented{}
	}

	opts := listPathOptions{
		Bucket:      bucket,
		Prefix:      prefix,
		Separator:   delimiter,
		Limit:       maxKeysPlusOne(maxKeys, marker != ""),
		Marker:      marker,
		InclDeleted: true,
		AskDisks:    globalAPIConfig.getListQuorum(),
		Versioned:   true,
	}

	merged, err := z.listPath(ctx, &opts)
	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
		return loi, err
	}
	defer merged.truncate(0) // Release when returning
	if versionMarker == "" {
		o := listPathOptions{Marker: marker}
		// If we are not looking for a specific version skip it.

		o.parseMarker()
		merged.forwardPast(o.Marker)
	}
	objects := merged.fileInfoVersions(bucket, prefix, delimiter, versionMarker)
	loi.IsTruncated = err == nil && len(objects) > 0
	if maxKeys > 0 && len(objects) > maxKeys {
		objects = objects[:maxKeys]
		loi.IsTruncated = true
	}
	for _, obj := range objects {
		if obj.IsDir && obj.ModTime.IsZero() && delimiter != "" {
			loi.Prefixes = append(loi.Prefixes, obj.Name)
		} else {
			loi.Objects = append(loi.Objects, obj)
		}
	}
	if loi.IsTruncated {
		last := objects[len(objects)-1]
		loi.NextMarker = opts.encodeMarker(last.Name)
		loi.NextVersionIDMarker = last.VersionID
	}
	return loi, nil
}

func maxKeysPlusOne(maxKeys int, addOne bool) int {
	if maxKeys < 0 || maxKeys > maxObjectList {
		maxKeys = maxObjectList
	}
	if addOne {
		maxKeys++
	}
	return maxKeys
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) ListObjects(ctx context.Context, bucket, prefix, marker, delimiter string, maxKeys int) (ListObjectsInfo, error) {
	var loi ListObjectsInfo

	// Automatically remove the object/version is an expiry lifecycle rule can be applied
	lc, _ := globalLifecycleSys.Get(bucket)

	// Check if bucket is object locked.
	rcfg, _ := globalBucketObjectLockSys.Get(bucket)

	if len(prefix) > 0 && maxKeys == 1 && delimiter == "" && marker == "" {
		// Optimization for certain applications like
		// - Cohesity
		// - Actifio, Splunk etc.
		// which send ListObjects requests where the actual object
		// itself is the prefix and max-keys=1 in such scenarios
		// we can simply verify locally if such an object exists
		// to avoid the need for ListObjects().
		objInfo, err := z.GetObjectInfo(ctx, bucket, prefix, ObjectOptions{NoLock: true})
		if err == nil {
			if lc != nil {
				action := evalActionFromLifecycle(ctx, *lc, rcfg, objInfo, false)
				switch action {
				case lifecycle.DeleteVersionAction, lifecycle.DeleteAction:
					fallthrough
				case lifecycle.DeleteRestoredAction, lifecycle.DeleteRestoredVersionAction:
					return loi, nil
				}
			}
			loi.Objects = append(loi.Objects, objInfo)
			return loi, nil
		}
	}

	opts := listPathOptions{
		Bucket:      bucket,
		Prefix:      prefix,
		Separator:   delimiter,
		Limit:       maxKeysPlusOne(maxKeys, marker != ""),
		Marker:      marker,
		InclDeleted: false,
		AskDisks:    globalAPIConfig.getListQuorum(),
		Lifecycle:   lc,
		Retention:   rcfg,
	}

	merged, err := z.listPath(ctx, &opts)
	if err != nil && err != io.EOF {
		if !isErrBucketNotFound(err) {
			logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
		}
		return loi, err
	}

	merged.forwardPast(opts.Marker)
	defer merged.truncate(0) // Release when returning

	// Default is recursive, if delimiter is set then list non recursive.
	objects := merged.fileInfos(bucket, prefix, delimiter)
	loi.IsTruncated = err == nil && len(objects) > 0
	if maxKeys > 0 && len(objects) > maxKeys {
		objects = objects[:maxKeys]
		loi.IsTruncated = true
	}
	for _, obj := range objects {
		if obj.IsDir && obj.ModTime.IsZero() && delimiter != "" {
			loi.Prefixes = append(loi.Prefixes, obj.Name)
		} else {
			loi.Objects = append(loi.Objects, obj)
		}
	}
	if loi.IsTruncated {
		last := objects[len(objects)-1]
		loi.NextMarker = opts.encodeMarker(last.Name)
	}
	return loi, nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) ListMultipartUploads(ctx context.Context, bucket, prefix, keyMarker, uploadIDMarker, delimiter string, maxUploads int) (ListMultipartsInfo, error) {
	if err := checkListMultipartArgs(ctx, bucket, prefix, keyMarker, uploadIDMarker, delimiter, z); err != nil {
		return ListMultipartsInfo{}, err
	}

	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].ListMultipartUploads(ctx, bucket, prefix, keyMarker, uploadIDMarker, delimiter, maxUploads)
	}

	poolResult := ListMultipartsInfo{}
	poolResult.MaxUploads = maxUploads
	poolResult.KeyMarker = keyMarker
	poolResult.Prefix = prefix
	poolResult.Delimiter = delimiter
	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		result, err := pool.ListMultipartUploads(ctx, bucket, prefix, keyMarker, uploadIDMarker,
			delimiter, maxUploads)
		if err != nil {
			return result, err
		}
		poolResult.Uploads = append(poolResult.Uploads, result.Uploads...)
	}
	return poolResult, nil
}

// Initiate a new multipart upload on a hashedSet based on object name.
func (z *erasureServerPools) NewMultipartUpload(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) (string, error) {
	if err := checkNewMultipartArgs(ctx, bucket, object, z); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	if z.SinglePool() {
		if !isMinioMetaBucketName(bucket) && !hasSpaceFor(getDiskInfos(ctx, z.serverPools[0].getHashedSet(object).getDisks()), -1) {
			return "", toObjectErr(errDiskFull)
		}
		return z.serverPools[0].NewMultipartUpload(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	}

	for idx, pool := range z.serverPools {
		result, err := pool.ListMultipartUploads(ctx, bucket, object, "", "", "", maxUploadsList)
		if err != nil {
			return "", err
		}
		// If there is a multipart upload with the same bucket/object name,
		// create the new multipart in the same pool, this will avoid
		// creating two multiparts uploads in two different pools
		if len(result.Uploads) != 0 {
			return z.serverPools[idx].NewMultipartUpload(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
		}
	}

	// any parallel writes on the object will block for this poolIdx
	// to return since this holds a read lock on the namespace.
	idx, err := z.getPoolIdx(ctx, bucket, object, -1)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}

	return z.serverPools[idx].NewMultipartUpload(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
}

// Copies a part of an object from source hashedSet to destination hashedSet.
func (z *erasureServerPools) CopyObjectPart(ctx context.Context, srcBucket, srcObject, destBucket, destObject string, uploadID string, partID int, startOffset int64, length int64, srcInfo ObjectInfo, srcOpts, dstOpts ObjectOptions) (PartInfo, error) {
	if err := checkNewMultipartArgs(ctx, srcBucket, srcObject, z); err != nil {
		return PartInfo{}, err
	}

	return z.PutObjectPart(ctx, destBucket, destObject, uploadID, partID,
		NewPutObjReader(srcInfo.Reader), dstOpts)
}

// PutObjectPart - writes part of an object to hashedSet based on the object name.
func (z *erasureServerPools) PutObjectPart(ctx context.Context, bucket, object, uploadID string, partID int, data *PutObjReader, opts ObjectOptions) (PartInfo, error) {
	if err := checkPutObjectPartArgs(ctx, bucket, object, z); err != nil {
		return PartInfo{}, err
	}

	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].PutObjectPart(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, partID, data, opts)
	}

	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		_, err := pool.GetMultipartInfo(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, opts)
		if err == nil {
			return pool.PutObjectPart(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, partID, data, opts)
		}
		switch err.(type) {
		case InvalidUploadID:
			// Look for information on the next pool
			continue
		}
		// Any other unhandled errors such as quorum return.
		return PartInfo{}, err
	}

	return PartInfo{}, InvalidUploadID{
		Bucket:   bucket,
		Object:   object,
		UploadID: uploadID,
	}
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) GetMultipartInfo(ctx context.Context, bucket, object, uploadID string, opts ObjectOptions) (MultipartInfo, error) {
	if err := checkListPartsArgs(ctx, bucket, object, z); err != nil {
		return MultipartInfo{}, err
	}

	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].GetMultipartInfo(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, opts)
	}
	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		mi, err := pool.GetMultipartInfo(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, opts)
		if err == nil {
			return mi, nil
		}
		switch err.(type) {
		case InvalidUploadID:
			// upload id not found, continue to the next pool.
			continue
		}
		// any other unhandled error return right here.
		return MultipartInfo{}, err
	}
	return MultipartInfo{}, InvalidUploadID{
		Bucket:   bucket,
		Object:   object,
		UploadID: uploadID,
	}
}

// ListObjectParts - lists all uploaded parts to an object in hashedSet.
func (z *erasureServerPools) ListObjectParts(ctx context.Context, bucket, object, uploadID string, partNumberMarker int, maxParts int, opts ObjectOptions) (ListPartsInfo, error) {
	if err := checkListPartsArgs(ctx, bucket, object, z); err != nil {
		return ListPartsInfo{}, err
	}

	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].ListObjectParts(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, partNumberMarker, maxParts, opts)
	}
	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		_, err := pool.GetMultipartInfo(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, opts)
		if err == nil {
			return pool.ListObjectParts(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, partNumberMarker, maxParts, opts)
		}
		switch err.(type) {
		case InvalidUploadID:
			continue
		}
		return ListPartsInfo{}, err
	}
	return ListPartsInfo{}, InvalidUploadID{
		Bucket:   bucket,
		Object:   object,
		UploadID: uploadID,
	}
}

// Aborts an in-progress multipart operation on hashedSet based on the object name.
func (z *erasureServerPools) AbortMultipartUpload(ctx context.Context, bucket, object, uploadID string, opts ObjectOptions) error {
	if err := checkAbortMultipartArgs(ctx, bucket, object, z); err != nil {
		return err
	}

	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].AbortMultipartUpload(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, opts)
	}

	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		_, err := pool.GetMultipartInfo(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, opts)
		if err == nil {
			return pool.AbortMultipartUpload(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, opts)
		}
		switch err.(type) {
		case InvalidUploadID:
			// upload id not found move to next pool
			continue
		}
		return err
	}
	return InvalidUploadID{
		Bucket:   bucket,
		Object:   object,
		UploadID: uploadID,
	}
}

// CompleteMultipartUpload - completes a pending multipart transaction, on hashedSet based on object name.
func (z *erasureServerPools) CompleteMultipartUpload(ctx context.Context, bucket, object, uploadID string, uploadedParts []CompletePart, opts ObjectOptions) (objInfo ObjectInfo, err error) {
	if err = checkCompleteMultipartArgs(ctx, bucket, object, z); err != nil {
		return objInfo, err
	}

	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].CompleteMultipartUpload(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, uploadedParts, opts)
	}

	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		_, err := pool.GetMultipartInfo(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, opts)
		if err == nil {
			return pool.CompleteMultipartUpload(ctx, bucket, object, uploadID, uploadedParts, opts)
		}
	}

	return objInfo, InvalidUploadID{
		Bucket:   bucket,
		Object:   object,
		UploadID: uploadID,
	}
}

// GetBucketInfo - returns bucket info from one of the erasure coded serverPools.
func (z *erasureServerPools) GetBucketInfo(ctx context.Context, bucket string) (bucketInfo BucketInfo, err error) {
	if z.SinglePool() {
		bucketInfo, err = z.serverPools[0].GetBucketInfo(ctx, bucket)
		if err != nil {
			return bucketInfo, err
		}
		meta, err := globalBucketMetadataSys.Get(bucket)
		if err == nil {
			bucketInfo.Created = meta.Created
		}
		return bucketInfo, nil
	}
	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		bucketInfo, err = pool.GetBucketInfo(ctx, bucket)
		if err != nil {
			if isErrBucketNotFound(err) {
				continue
			}
			return bucketInfo, err
		}
		meta, err := globalBucketMetadataSys.Get(bucket)
		if err == nil {
			bucketInfo.Created = meta.Created
		}
		return bucketInfo, nil
	}
	return bucketInfo, BucketNotFound{
		Bucket: bucket,
	}
}

// IsNotificationSupported returns whether bucket notification is applicable for this layer.
func (z *erasureServerPools) IsNotificationSupported() bool {
	return true
}

// IsListenSupported returns whether listen bucket notification is applicable for this layer.
func (z *erasureServerPools) IsListenSupported() bool {
	return true
}

// IsEncryptionSupported returns whether server side encryption is implemented for this layer.
func (z *erasureServerPools) IsEncryptionSupported() bool {
	return true
}

// IsCompressionSupported returns whether compression is applicable for this layer.
func (z *erasureServerPools) IsCompressionSupported() bool {
	return true
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) IsTaggingSupported() bool {
	return true
}

// DeleteBucket - deletes a bucket on all serverPools simultaneously,
// even if one of the serverPools fail to delete buckets, we proceed to
// undo a successful operation.
func (z *erasureServerPools) DeleteBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string, opts DeleteBucketOptions) error {
	g := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(z.serverPools))

	// Delete buckets in parallel across all serverPools.
	for index := range z.serverPools {
		index := index
		g.Go(func() error {
			if z.IsSuspended(index) {
				return nil
			}
			return z.serverPools[index].DeleteBucket(ctx, bucket, opts)
		}, index)
	}

	errs := g.Wait()

	// For any write quorum failure, we undo all the delete
	// buckets operation by creating all the buckets again.
	for _, err := range errs {
		if err != nil {
			if !z.SinglePool() && !opts.NoRecreate {
				undoDeleteBucketServerPools(context.Background(), bucket, z.serverPools, errs)
			}
			return err
		}
	}

	// Purge the entire bucket metadata entirely.
	z.renameAll(context.Background(), minioMetaBucket, pathJoin(bucketMetaPrefix, bucket))

	// Success.
	return nil
}

// renameAll will rename bucket+prefix unconditionally across all disks to
// minioMetaTmpDeletedBucket + unique uuid,
// Note that set distribution is ignored so it should only be used in cases where
// data is not distributed across sets. Errors are logged but individual
// disk failures are not returned.
func (z *erasureServerPools) renameAll(ctx context.Context, bucket, prefix string) {
	for _, servers := range z.serverPools {
		for _, set := range servers.sets {
			set.renameAll(ctx, bucket, prefix)
		}
	}
}

// This function is used to undo a successful DeleteBucket operation.
func undoDeleteBucketServerPools(ctx context.Context, bucket string, serverPools []*erasureSets, errs []error) {
	g := errgroup.WithNErrs(len(serverPools))

	// Undo previous delete bucket on all underlying serverPools.
	for index := range serverPools {
		index := index
		g.Go(func() error {
			if errs[index] == nil {
				return serverPools[index].MakeBucketWithLocation(ctx, bucket, BucketOptions{})
			}
			return nil
		}, index)
	}

	g.Wait()
}

// List all buckets from one of the serverPools, we are not doing merge
// sort here just for simplification. As per design it is assumed
// that all buckets are present on all serverPools.
func (z *erasureServerPools) ListBuckets(ctx context.Context) (buckets []BucketInfo, err error) {
	if z.SinglePool() {
		buckets, err = z.serverPools[0].ListBuckets(ctx)
	} else {
		for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
			buckets, err = pool.ListBuckets(ctx)
			if err != nil {
				logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
				continue
			}
			break
		}
	}
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	for i := range buckets {
		meta, err := globalBucketMetadataSys.Get(buckets[i].Name)
		if err == nil {
			buckets[i].Created = meta.Created
		}
	}
	return buckets, nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) HealFormat(ctx context.Context, dryRun bool) (madmin.HealResultItem, error) {
	// Acquire lock on format.json
	formatLock := z.NewNSLock(minioMetaBucket, formatConfigFile)
	lkctx, err := formatLock.GetLock(ctx, globalOperationTimeout)
	if err != nil {
		return madmin.HealResultItem{}, err
	}
	ctx = lkctx.Context()
	defer formatLock.Unlock(lkctx.Cancel)

	r := madmin.HealResultItem{
		Type:   madmin.HealItemMetadata,
		Detail: "disk-format",
	}

	var countNoHeal int
	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		result, err := pool.HealFormat(ctx, dryRun)
		if err != nil && !errors.Is(err, errNoHealRequired) {
			logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
			continue
		}
		// Count errNoHealRequired across all serverPools,
		// to return appropriate error to the caller
		if errors.Is(err, errNoHealRequired) {
			countNoHeal++
		}
		r.DiskCount += result.DiskCount
		r.SetCount += result.SetCount
		r.Before.Drives = append(r.Before.Drives, result.Before.Drives...)
		r.After.Drives = append(r.After.Drives, result.After.Drives...)
	}

	// No heal returned by all serverPools, return errNoHealRequired
	if countNoHeal == len(z.serverPools) {
		return r, errNoHealRequired
	}

	return r, nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) HealBucket(ctx context.Context, bucket string, opts madmin.HealOpts) (madmin.HealResultItem, error) {
	r := madmin.HealResultItem{
		Type:   madmin.HealItemBucket,
		Bucket: bucket,
	}

	// Attempt heal on the bucket metadata, ignore any failures
	defer z.HealObject(ctx, minioMetaBucket, pathJoin(bucketMetaPrefix, bucket, bucketMetadataFile), "", opts)

	for _, pool := range z.serverPools {
		result, err := pool.HealBucket(ctx, bucket, opts)
		if err != nil {
			switch err.(type) {
			case BucketNotFound:
				continue
			}
			return result, err
		}
		r.DiskCount += result.DiskCount
		r.SetCount += result.SetCount
		r.Before.Drives = append(r.Before.Drives, result.Before.Drives...)
		r.After.Drives = append(r.After.Drives, result.After.Drives...)
	}

	return r, nil
}

// Walk a bucket, optionally prefix recursively, until we have returned
// all the content to objectInfo channel, it is callers responsibility
// to allocate a receive channel for ObjectInfo, upon any unhandled
// error walker returns error. Optionally if context.Done() is received
// then Walk() stops the walker.
func (z *erasureServerPools) Walk(ctx context.Context, bucket, prefix string, results chan<- ObjectInfo, opts ObjectOptions) error {
	if err := checkListObjsArgs(ctx, bucket, prefix, "", z); err != nil {
		// Upon error close the channel.
		close(results)
		return err
	}

	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
	go func() {
		defer cancel()
		defer close(results)

		for _, erasureSet := range z.serverPools {
			var wg sync.WaitGroup
			for _, set := range erasureSet.sets {
				set := set
				wg.Add(1)
				go func() {
					defer wg.Done()

					disks, _ := set.getOnlineDisksWithHealing()
					if len(disks) == 0 {
						cancel()
						return
					}

					loadEntry := func(entry metaCacheEntry) {
						if entry.isDir() {
							return
						}

						fivs, err := entry.fileInfoVersions(bucket)
						if err != nil {
							cancel()
							return
						}
						if opts.WalkAscending {
							for i := len(fivs.Versions) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
								version := fivs.Versions[i]
								results <- version.ToObjectInfo(bucket, version.Name)
							}
							return
						}
						for _, version := range fivs.Versions {
							results <- version.ToObjectInfo(bucket, version.Name)
						}
					}

					// How to resolve partial results.
					resolver := metadataResolutionParams{
						dirQuorum: 1,
						objQuorum: 1,
						bucket:    bucket,
					}

					path := baseDirFromPrefix(prefix)
					filterPrefix := strings.Trim(strings.TrimPrefix(prefix, path), slashSeparator)
					if path == prefix {
						filterPrefix = ""
					}

					lopts := listPathRawOptions{
						disks:          disks,
						bucket:         bucket,
						path:           path,
						filterPrefix:   filterPrefix,
						recursive:      true,
						forwardTo:      "",
						minDisks:       1,
						reportNotFound: false,
						agreed:         loadEntry,
						partial: func(entries metaCacheEntries, nAgreed int, errs []error) {
							entry, ok := entries.resolve(&resolver)
							if !ok {
								// check if we can get one entry atleast
								// proceed to heal nonetheless.
								entry, _ = entries.firstFound()
							}

							loadEntry(*entry)
						},
						finished: nil,
					}

					if err := listPathRaw(ctx, lopts); err != nil {
						logger.LogIf(ctx, fmt.Errorf("listPathRaw returned %w: opts(%#v)", err, lopts))
						return
					}
				}()
			}
			wg.Wait()
		}
	}()

	return nil
}

// HealObjectFn closure function heals the object.
type HealObjectFn func(bucket, object, versionID string) error

func listAndHeal(ctx context.Context, bucket, prefix string, set *erasureObjects, healEntry func(metaCacheEntry) error) error {
	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
	defer cancel()

	disks, _ := set.getOnlineDisksWithHealing()
	if len(disks) == 0 {
		return errors.New("listAndHeal: No non-healing disks found")
	}

	// How to resolve partial results.
	resolver := metadataResolutionParams{
		dirQuorum: 1,
		objQuorum: 1,
		bucket:    bucket,
		strict:    false, // Allow less strict matching.
	}

	path := baseDirFromPrefix(prefix)
	filterPrefix := strings.Trim(strings.TrimPrefix(prefix, path), slashSeparator)
	if path == prefix {
		filterPrefix = ""
	}

	lopts := listPathRawOptions{
		disks:          disks,
		bucket:         bucket,
		path:           path,
		filterPrefix:   filterPrefix,
		recursive:      true,
		forwardTo:      "",
		minDisks:       1,
		reportNotFound: false,
		agreed: func(entry metaCacheEntry) {
			if err := healEntry(entry); err != nil {
				logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
				cancel()
			}
		},
		partial: func(entries metaCacheEntries, nAgreed int, errs []error) {
			entry, ok := entries.resolve(&resolver)
			if !ok {
				// check if we can get one entry atleast
				// proceed to heal nonetheless.
				entry, _ = entries.firstFound()
			}

			if err := healEntry(*entry); err != nil {
				logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
				cancel()
				return
			}
		},
		finished: nil,
	}

	if err := listPathRaw(ctx, lopts); err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("listPathRaw returned %w: opts(%#v)", err, lopts)
	}

	return nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) HealObjects(ctx context.Context, bucket, prefix string, opts madmin.HealOpts, healObjectFn HealObjectFn) error {
	healEntry := func(entry metaCacheEntry) error {
		if entry.isDir() {
			return nil
		}
		// We might land at .metacache, .trash, .multipart
		// no need to heal them skip, only when bucket
		// is '.minio.sys'
		if bucket == minioMetaBucket {
			if wildcard.Match("buckets/*/.metacache/*", entry.name) {
				return nil
			}
			if wildcard.Match("tmp/*", entry.name) {
				return nil
			}
			if wildcard.Match("multipart/*", entry.name) {
				return nil
			}
			if wildcard.Match("tmp-old/*", entry.name) {
				return nil
			}
		}
		fivs, err := entry.fileInfoVersions(bucket)
		if err != nil {
			return healObjectFn(bucket, entry.name, "")
		}

		for _, version := range fivs.Versions {
			if err := healObjectFn(bucket, version.Name, version.VersionID); err != nil {
				return err
			}
		}

		return nil
	}

	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
	defer cancel()

	var poolErrs [][]error
	for idx, erasureSet := range z.serverPools {
		if z.IsSuspended(idx) {
			continue
		}
		errs := make([]error, len(erasureSet.sets))
		var wg sync.WaitGroup
		for idx, set := range erasureSet.sets {
			wg.Add(1)
			go func(idx int, set *erasureObjects) {
				defer wg.Done()

				errs[idx] = listAndHeal(ctx, bucket, prefix, set, healEntry)
			}(idx, set)
		}
		wg.Wait()
		poolErrs = append(poolErrs, errs)
	}
	for _, errs := range poolErrs {
		for _, err := range errs {
			if err == nil {
				continue
			}
			return err
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) HealObject(ctx context.Context, bucket, object, versionID string, opts madmin.HealOpts) (madmin.HealResultItem, error) {
	object = encodeDirObject(object)

	errs := make([]error, len(z.serverPools))
	results := make([]madmin.HealResultItem, len(z.serverPools))
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	for idx, pool := range z.serverPools {
		if z.IsSuspended(idx) {
			continue
		}
		wg.Add(1)
		go func(idx int, pool *erasureSets) {
			defer wg.Done()
			result, err := pool.HealObject(ctx, bucket, object, versionID, opts)
			result.Object = decodeDirObject(result.Object)
			errs[idx] = err
			results[idx] = result
		}(idx, pool)
	}
	wg.Wait()

	for _, err := range errs {
		if err != nil {
			return madmin.HealResultItem{}, err
		}
	}

	for _, result := range results {
		if result.Object != "" {
			return result, nil
		}
	}

	if versionID != "" {
		return madmin.HealResultItem{}, VersionNotFound{
			Bucket:    bucket,
			Object:    object,
			VersionID: versionID,
		}
	}
	return madmin.HealResultItem{}, ObjectNotFound{
		Bucket: bucket,
		Object: object,
	}
}

// GetMetrics - returns metrics of local disks
func (z *erasureServerPools) GetMetrics(ctx context.Context) (*BackendMetrics, error) {
	logger.LogIf(ctx, NotImplemented{})
	return &BackendMetrics{}, NotImplemented{}
}

func (z *erasureServerPools) getPoolAndSet(id string) (poolIdx, setIdx, diskIdx int, err error) {
	for poolIdx := range z.serverPools {
		format := z.serverPools[poolIdx].format
		for setIdx, set := range format.Erasure.Sets {
			for i, diskID := range set {
				if diskID == id {
					return poolIdx, setIdx, i, nil
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return -1, -1, -1, fmt.Errorf("DiskID(%s) %w", id, errDiskNotFound)
}

// HealthOptions takes input options to return sepcific information
type HealthOptions struct {
	Maintenance bool
}

// HealthResult returns the current state of the system, also
// additionally with any specific heuristic information which
// was queried
type HealthResult struct {
	Healthy       bool
	HealingDrives int
	PoolID, SetID int
	WriteQuorum   int
}

// ReadHealth returns if the cluster can serve read requests
func (z *erasureServerPools) ReadHealth(ctx context.Context) bool {
	erasureSetUpCount := make([][]int, len(z.serverPools))
	for i := range z.serverPools {
		erasureSetUpCount[i] = make([]int, len(z.serverPools[i].sets))
	}

	diskIDs := globalNotificationSys.GetLocalDiskIDs(ctx)
	diskIDs = append(diskIDs, getLocalDiskIDs(z))

	for _, localDiskIDs := range diskIDs {
		for _, id := range localDiskIDs {
			poolIdx, setIdx, _, err := z.getPoolAndSet(id)
			if err != nil {
				logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
				continue
			}
			erasureSetUpCount[poolIdx][setIdx]++
		}
	}

	b := z.BackendInfo()
	readQuorum := b.StandardSCData[0]

	for poolIdx := range erasureSetUpCount {
		for setIdx := range erasureSetUpCount[poolIdx] {
			if erasureSetUpCount[poolIdx][setIdx] < readQuorum {
				return false
			}
		}
	}
	return true
}

// Health - returns current status of the object layer health,
// provides if write access exists across sets, additionally
// can be used to query scenarios if health may be lost
// if this node is taken down by an external orchestrator.
func (z *erasureServerPools) Health(ctx context.Context, opts HealthOptions) HealthResult {
	erasureSetUpCount := make([][]int, len(z.serverPools))
	for i := range z.serverPools {
		erasureSetUpCount[i] = make([]int, len(z.serverPools[i].sets))
	}

	diskIDs := globalNotificationSys.GetLocalDiskIDs(ctx)
	if !opts.Maintenance {
		diskIDs = append(diskIDs, getLocalDiskIDs(z))
	}

	for _, localDiskIDs := range diskIDs {
		for _, id := range localDiskIDs {
			poolIdx, setIdx, _, err := z.getPoolAndSet(id)
			if err != nil {
				logger.LogIf(ctx, err)
				continue
			}
			erasureSetUpCount[poolIdx][setIdx]++
		}
	}

	reqInfo := (&logger.ReqInfo{}).AppendTags("maintenance", strconv.FormatBool(opts.Maintenance))

	b := z.BackendInfo()
	writeQuorum := b.StandardSCData[0]
	if writeQuorum == b.StandardSCParity {
		writeQuorum++
	}

	var aggHealStateResult madmin.BgHealState
	if opts.Maintenance {
		// check if local disks are being healed, if they are being healed
		// we need to tell healthy status as 'false' so that this server
		// is not taken down for maintenance
		var err error
		aggHealStateResult, err = getAggregatedBackgroundHealState(ctx, nil)
		if err != nil {
			logger.LogIf(logger.SetReqInfo(ctx, reqInfo), fmt.Errorf("Unable to verify global heal status: %w", err))
			return HealthResult{
				Healthy: false,
			}
		}

		if len(aggHealStateResult.HealDisks) > 0 {
			logger.LogIf(logger.SetReqInfo(ctx, reqInfo), fmt.Errorf("Total drives to be healed %d", len(aggHealStateResult.HealDisks)))
		}
	}

	for poolIdx := range erasureSetUpCount {
		for setIdx := range erasureSetUpCount[poolIdx] {
			if erasureSetUpCount[poolIdx][setIdx] < writeQuorum {
				logger.LogIf(logger.SetReqInfo(ctx, reqInfo),
					fmt.Errorf("Write quorum may be lost on pool: %d, set: %d, expected write quorum: %d",
						poolIdx, setIdx, writeQuorum))
				return HealthResult{
					Healthy:       false,
					HealingDrives: len(aggHealStateResult.HealDisks),
					PoolID:        poolIdx,
					SetID:         setIdx,
					WriteQuorum:   writeQuorum,
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// when maintenance is not specified we don't have
	// to look at the healing side of the code.
	if !opts.Maintenance {
		return HealthResult{
			Healthy:     true,
			WriteQuorum: writeQuorum,
		}
	}

	return HealthResult{
		Healthy:       len(aggHealStateResult.HealDisks) == 0,
		HealingDrives: len(aggHealStateResult.HealDisks),
		WriteQuorum:   writeQuorum,
	}
}

// PutObjectMetadata - replace or add tags to an existing object
func (z *erasureServerPools) PutObjectMetadata(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) (ObjectInfo, error) {
	object = encodeDirObject(object)
	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].PutObjectMetadata(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	}

	// We don't know the size here set 1GiB atleast.
	opts.Mutate = true
	idx, err := z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	if err != nil {
		return ObjectInfo{}, err
	}

	return z.serverPools[idx].PutObjectMetadata(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
}

// PutObjectTags - replace or add tags to an existing object
func (z *erasureServerPools) PutObjectTags(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, tags string, opts ObjectOptions) (ObjectInfo, error) {
	object = encodeDirObject(object)
	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].PutObjectTags(ctx, bucket, object, tags, opts)
	}

	// We don't know the size here set 1GiB atleast.
	opts.Mutate = true
	idx, err := z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	if err != nil {
		return ObjectInfo{}, err
	}

	return z.serverPools[idx].PutObjectTags(ctx, bucket, object, tags, opts)
}

// DeleteObjectTags - delete object tags from an existing object
func (z *erasureServerPools) DeleteObjectTags(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) (ObjectInfo, error) {
	object = encodeDirObject(object)
	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].DeleteObjectTags(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	}

	opts.Mutate = true
	idx, err := z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	if err != nil {
		return ObjectInfo{}, err
	}

	return z.serverPools[idx].DeleteObjectTags(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
}

// GetObjectTags - get object tags from an existing object
func (z *erasureServerPools) GetObjectTags(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) (*tags.Tags, error) {
	object = encodeDirObject(object)
	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].GetObjectTags(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	}

	opts.Mutate = false
	idx, err := z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return z.serverPools[idx].GetObjectTags(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
}

// TransitionObject - transition object content to target tier.
func (z *erasureServerPools) TransitionObject(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) error {
	object = encodeDirObject(object)
	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].TransitionObject(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	}

	opts.Mutate = true
	idx, err := z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return z.serverPools[idx].TransitionObject(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
}

// RestoreTransitionedObject - restore transitioned object content locally on this cluster.
func (z *erasureServerPools) RestoreTransitionedObject(ctx context.Context, bucket, object string, opts ObjectOptions) error {
	object = encodeDirObject(object)
	if z.SinglePool() {
		return z.serverPools[0].RestoreTransitionedObject(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	}

	opts.Mutate = true
	idx, err := z.getPoolIdxExistingWithOpts(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	return z.serverPools[idx].RestoreTransitionedObject(ctx, bucket, object, opts)
}