mirror of https://github.com/minio/minio.git
270 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
270 lines
11 KiB
Markdown
# KMS Quickstart Guide [](https://slack.min.io)
|
|
|
|
MinIO uses a key-management-system (KMS) to support SSE-S3. If a client requests SSE-S3, or auto-encryption
|
|
is enabled, the MinIO server encrypts each object with an unique object key which is protected by a master key
|
|
managed by the KMS. Usually all object keys are protected by a single master key.
|
|
|
|
MinIO supports two different KMS concepts:
|
|
- External KMS:
|
|
MinIO can be configured to use an external KMS i.e. [Hashicorp Vault](https://www.vaultproject.io/).
|
|
An external KMS decouples MinIO as storage system from key-management. An external KMS can
|
|
be managed by a dedicated security team and allows you to grant/deny access to (certain) objects
|
|
by enabling or disabling the corresponding master keys on demand.
|
|
|
|
- Direct KMS master keys:
|
|
MinIO can also be configured to directly use a master key specified by the environment variable `MINIO_KMS_MASTER_KEY` or with a docker secret key.
|
|
Direct master keys are useful if the storage backend is not on the same machine as the MinIO server, e.g.,
|
|
if network drives or MinIO gateway is used and an external KMS would cause too much management overhead.
|
|
|
|
Note: KMS master keys are mainly for testing purposes. It's not recommended to use them for production deployments.
|
|
Further if the MinIO server machine is ever compromised, then the master key must also be treated as compromised.
|
|
|
|
**Important:**
|
|
If multiple MinIO servers are configured as [gateways](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/gateway/README.md) pointing to the *same* backend - for example the same NAS storage - then the KMS configuration **must** be the same for all gateways. Otherwise one gateway may not be able to decrypt objects created by another gateway. It is the operator responsibility to ensure consistency.
|
|
|
|
## Get started
|
|
|
|
### 1. Prerequisites
|
|
Install MinIO - [MinIO Quickstart Guide](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-quickstart-guide).
|
|
|
|
### 2. Setup a KMS
|
|
|
|
Either use Hashicorp Vault as external KMS or specify a master key directly depending on your use case.
|
|
|
|
#### 2.1 Setup Hashicorp Vault
|
|
|
|
Here is a sample quick start for configuring vault with a transit backend and Approle with correct policy
|
|
|
|
MinIO requires the following Vault setup:
|
|
- The [transit backend](https://www.vaultproject.io/api/secret/transit/index.html) configured with a named encryption key-ring
|
|
- [AppRole](https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/approle.html) based authentication with read/update policy for transit backend. In particular, read and update policy are required for the [Generate Data Key](https://www.vaultproject.io/api/secret/transit/index.html#generate-data-key) endpoint and [Decrypt Data](https://www.vaultproject.io/api/secret/transit/index.html#decrypt-data) endpoint.
|
|
|
|
**2.1.1 Start Vault server**
|
|
|
|
Vault requires access to `mlock` syscall by default. Use `setcap` to give the Vault executable the ability to use the `mlock` syscall without running the process as root. To do so run:
|
|
```
|
|
sudo setcap cap_ipc_lock=+ep $(readlink -f $(which vault))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Create `vault-config.json` to use file backend and start the server.
|
|
```
|
|
cat > vault-config.json <<EOF
|
|
{
|
|
"api_addr": "http://127.0.0.1:8200",
|
|
"backend": {
|
|
"file": {
|
|
"path": "vault/file"
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"default_lease_ttl": "168h",
|
|
"max_lease_ttl": "720h",
|
|
"listener": {
|
|
"tcp": {
|
|
"address": "0.0.0.0:8200",
|
|
"tls_disable": true
|
|
}
|
|
},
|
|
"ui": true
|
|
}
|
|
EOF
|
|
|
|
vault server -config vault-config.json
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
> NOTE: In this example we use `"tls_disable": true` for demonstration purposes only,
|
|
> in production setup you should generate proper TLS certificates by specifying
|
|
> - [`tls_cert_file`](https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/configuration/listener/tcp.html#tls_cert_file)
|
|
> - [`tls_key_file`](https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/configuration/listener/tcp.html#tls_key_file)
|
|
|
|
|
|
**2.1.2 Initialize vault and unseal it**
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export VAULT_ADDR='http://127.0.0.1:8200'
|
|
vault operator init
|
|
Unseal Key 1: eyW/+8ZtsgT81Cb0e8OVxzJAQP5lY7Dcamnze+JnWEDT
|
|
Unseal Key 2: 0tZn+7QQCxphpHwTm6/dC3LpP5JGIbYl6PK8Sy79R+P2
|
|
Unseal Key 3: cmhs+AUMXUuB6Lzsvgcbp3bRT6VDGQjgCBwB2xm0ANeF
|
|
Unseal Key 4: /fTPpec5fWpGqWHK+uhnnTNMQyAbl5alUi4iq2yNgyqj
|
|
Unseal Key 5: UPdDVPto+H6ko+20NKmagK40MOskqOBw4y/S51WpgVy/
|
|
|
|
Initial Root Token: s.zaU4Gbcu0Wh46uj2V3VuUde0
|
|
|
|
Vault is initialized with 5 key shares and a key threshold of 3. Please securely
|
|
distribute the key shares printed above. When the Vault is re-sealed,
|
|
restarted, or stopped, you must supply at least 3 of these keys to unseal it
|
|
before it can start servicing requests.
|
|
|
|
Vault does not store the generated master key. Without at least 3 key to
|
|
reconstruct the master key, Vault will remain permanently sealed!
|
|
|
|
It is possible to generate new unseal keys, provided you have a quorum of
|
|
existing unseal keys shares. See "vault operator rekey" for more information.
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Use any of the previously generated keys to unseal the vault
|
|
```
|
|
vault operator unseal eyW/+8ZtsgT81Cb0e8OVxzJAQP5lY7Dcamnze+JnWEDT
|
|
vault operator unseal 0tZn+7QQCxphpHwTm6/dC3LpP5JGIbYl6PK8Sy79R+P2
|
|
vault operator unseal cmhs+AUMXUuB6Lzsvgcbp3bRT6VDGQjgCBwB2xm0ANeF
|
|
Key Value
|
|
--- -----
|
|
Seal Type shamir
|
|
Initialized true
|
|
Sealed false ---> NOTE: vault is unsealed
|
|
Total Shares 5
|
|
Threshold 3
|
|
Version 1.1.3
|
|
Cluster Name vault-cluster-3f084948
|
|
Cluster ID 8c92e999-7062-4da6-4434-0fc05f34824d
|
|
HA Enabled false
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Obtain root token from the `vault operator init` output above. It is displayed as `Initial Root Token: s.zaU4Gbcu0Wh46uj2V3VuUde0`
|
|
|
|
**2.1.3 Set up vault transit backend and create an app role**
|
|
```
|
|
export VAULT_TOKEN=s.zaU4Gbcu0Wh46uj2V3VuUde0
|
|
|
|
vault auth enable approle # enable approle style auth
|
|
vault secrets enable transit # enable transit secrets engine
|
|
# define an encryption key-ring for the transit path
|
|
vault write -f transit/keys/my-minio-key
|
|
|
|
cat > vaultpolicy.hcl <<EOF
|
|
path "transit/datakey/plaintext/my-minio-key" {
|
|
capabilities = [ "read", "update"]
|
|
}
|
|
path "transit/decrypt/my-minio-key" {
|
|
capabilities = [ "read", "update"]
|
|
}
|
|
path "transit/rewrap/my-minio-key" {
|
|
capabilities = ["update"]
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
EOF
|
|
|
|
# define a policy for AppRole to access transit path
|
|
vault policy write minio-policy ./vaultpolicy.hcl
|
|
|
|
# period indicates it is renewable if token is renewed before the period is over
|
|
vault write auth/approle/role/my-role token_num_uses=0 secret_id_num_uses=0 period=5m
|
|
|
|
# define an AppRole
|
|
vault write auth/approle/role/my-role policies=minio-policy # apply policy to role
|
|
vault read auth/approle/role/my-role/role-id # get Approle ID
|
|
Key Value
|
|
--- -----
|
|
role_id 8c03926c-6c51-7a1d-cf7d-62e48ab8d6d7
|
|
|
|
vault write -f auth/approle/role/my-role/secret-id
|
|
Key Value
|
|
--- -----
|
|
secret_id edd8738c-6efe-c226-74f9-ef5b66e119d7
|
|
secret_id_accessor 57d1db64-6350-c321-4a3e-fc6aeb7d00b6
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The AppRole ID, AppRole Secret Id, Vault endpoint and Vault key name can now be used to start minio server with Vault as KMS.
|
|
|
|
**2.1.3 Vault Environment variables**
|
|
|
|
You'll need the Vault endpoint, AppRole ID, AppRole SecretID and encryption key-ring name defined in step 2.1.2
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_VAULT_APPROLE_ID=8c03926c-6c51-7a1d-cf7d-62e48ab8d6d7
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_VAULT_APPROLE_SECRET=edd8738c-6efe-c226-74f9-ef5b66e119d7
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_VAULT_ENDPOINT=http://vault-endpoint-ip:8200
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_VAULT_KEY_NAME=my-minio-key
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_VAULT_AUTH_TYPE=approle
|
|
minio server ~/export
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Optionally, set `MINIO_KMS_VAULT_CAPATH` to a directory of PEM-encoded CA cert files to use mTLS for client-server authentication.
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_VAULT_CAPATH=/home/user/custom-certs
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
An additional option is to set `MINIO_KMS_VAULT_NAMESPACE` if AppRole and Transit Secrets engine have been scoped to Vault Namespace
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_VAULT_NAMESPACE=ns1
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Note: If [Vault Namespaces](https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/operations/namespaces) are in use, MINIO_KMS_VAULT_VAULT_NAMESPACE variable needs to be set before setting approle and transit secrets engine.
|
|
|
|
#### 2.2 Specify a master key
|
|
|
|
**2.2.1 KMS master key from environment variables**
|
|
|
|
A KMS master key consists of a master-key ID (CMK) and the 256 bit master key encoded as HEX value separated by a `:`.
|
|
A KMS master key can be specified directly using:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_MASTER_KEY=my-minio-key:6368616e676520746869732070617373776f726420746f206120736563726574
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Please use your own master key. A random master key can be generated using e.g. this command on Linux/Mac/BSD* systems:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
head -c 32 /dev/urandom | xxd -c 32 -ps
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**2.2.2 KMS master key from docker secret**
|
|
|
|
Alternatively, you may pass a master key as a [Docker secret](https://docs.docker.com/engine/swarm/secrets/).
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
echo "my-minio-key:6368616e676520746869732070617373776f726420746f206120736563726574" | docker secret create kms_master_key
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Obviously, do not use this demo key for anything real!
|
|
|
|
To use another secret name, follow the instructions above and replace kms_master_key with your custom names (e.g. my_kms_master_key). Then, set the MINIO_KMS_MASTER_KEY_FILE environment variable to your secret name:
|
|
|
|
```bash
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_MASTER_KEY_FILE=my_kms_master_key
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### 3. Test your setup
|
|
To test this setup, start minio server with environment variables set in Step 3, and server is ready to handle SSE-S3 requests.
|
|
|
|
### Auto-Encryption
|
|
|
|
MinIO can also enable auto-encryption **if** a valid KMS configuration is specified and the storage backend supports
|
|
encrypted objects. Auto-Encryption, if enabled, ensures that all uploaded objects are encrypted using the specified
|
|
KMS configuration.
|
|
|
|
Auto-Encryption is useful especially if the MinIO operator wants to ensure that objects are **never** stored in
|
|
plaintext - for example if sensitive data is stored on public cloud storage.
|
|
|
|
To enable auto-encryption set the environment variable to `on`:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
export MINIO_KMS_AUTO_ENCRYPTION=on
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To verify auto-encryption, use the `mc` command:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
mc cp test.file myminio/crypt/
|
|
test.file: 5 B / 5 B ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ 100.00% 337 B/s 0s
|
|
mc stat myminio/crypt/test.file
|
|
Name : test.file
|
|
...
|
|
Encrypted :
|
|
X-Amz-Server-Side-Encryption: AES256
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Note: Auto-Encryption only affects non-SSE-C requests since objects uploaded using SSE-C are already encrypted
|
|
and S3 only allows either SSE-S3 or SSE-C but not both for the same object.
|
|
|
|
# Explore Further
|
|
|
|
- [Use `mc` with MinIO Server](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide)
|
|
- [Use `aws-cli` with MinIO Server](https://docs.min.io/docs/aws-cli-with-minio)
|
|
- [Use `s3cmd` with MinIO Server](https://docs.min.io/docs/s3cmd-with-minio)
|
|
- [Use `minio-go` SDK with MinIO Server](https://docs.min.io/docs/golang-client-quickstart-guide)
|
|
- [The MinIO documentation website](https://docs.min.io)
|
|
|