minio/cmd/metrics-resource.go

// Copyright (c) 2015-2023 MinIO, Inc.
//
// This file is part of MinIO Object Storage stack
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package cmd

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"math"
	"net/http"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/minio/madmin-go/v3"
	"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3/host"
)

const (
	resourceMetricsCollectionInterval = time.Minute
	resourceMetricsCacheInterval      = time.Minute

	// drive stats
	totalInodes    MetricName = "total_inodes"
	readsPerSec    MetricName = "reads_per_sec"
	writesPerSec   MetricName = "writes_per_sec"
	readsKBPerSec  MetricName = "reads_kb_per_sec"
	writesKBPerSec MetricName = "writes_kb_per_sec"
	readsAwait     MetricName = "reads_await"
	writesAwait    MetricName = "writes_await"
	percUtil       MetricName = "perc_util"
	usedInodes     MetricName = "used_inodes"

	// network stats
	interfaceRxBytes  MetricName = "rx_bytes"
	interfaceRxErrors MetricName = "rx_errors"
	interfaceTxBytes  MetricName = "tx_bytes"
	interfaceTxErrors MetricName = "tx_errors"

	// memory stats
	memUsed      MetricName = "used"
	memFree      MetricName = "free"
	memShared    MetricName = "shared"
	memBuffers   MetricName = "buffers"
	memCache     MetricName = "cache"
	memAvailable MetricName = "available"

	// cpu stats
	cpuUser   MetricName = "user"
	cpuSystem MetricName = "system"
	cpuIOWait MetricName = "iowait"
	cpuIdle   MetricName = "idle"
	cpuNice   MetricName = "nice"
	cpuSteal  MetricName = "steal"
	cpuLoad1  MetricName = "load1"
	cpuLoad5  MetricName = "load5"
	cpuLoad15 MetricName = "load15"
)

var (
	resourceCollector *minioResourceCollector
	// resourceMetricsMap is a map of subsystem to its metrics
	resourceMetricsMap map[MetricSubsystem]ResourceMetrics
	// resourceMetricsHelpMap maps metric name to its help string
	resourceMetricsHelpMap map[MetricName]string
	resourceMetricsGroups  []*MetricsGroup
)

// PeerResourceMetrics represents the resource metrics
// retrieved from a peer, along with errors if any
type PeerResourceMetrics struct {
	Metrics map[MetricSubsystem]ResourceMetrics
	Errors  []string
}

// ResourceMetrics is a map of unique key identifying
// a resource metric (e.g. reads_per_sec_{node}_{drive})
// to its data
type ResourceMetrics map[string]ResourceMetric

// ResourceMetric represents a single resource metric
// The metrics are collected from all servers periodically
// and stored in the resource metrics map.
// It also maintains the count of number of times this metric
// was collected since the server started, and the sum,
// average and max values across the same.
type ResourceMetric struct {
	Name   MetricName
	Labels map[string]string

	// value captured in current cycle
	Current float64

	// Used when system provides cumulative (since uptime) values
	// helps in calculating the current value by comparing the new
	// cumulative value with previous one
	Cumulative float64

	Max   float64
	Avg   float64
	Sum   float64
	Count uint64
}

func init() {
	interval := fmt.Sprintf("%ds", int(resourceMetricsCollectionInterval.Seconds()))
	resourceMetricsHelpMap = map[MetricName]string{
		interfaceRxBytes:  "Bytes received on the interface in " + interval,
		interfaceRxErrors: "Receive errors in " + interval,
		interfaceTxBytes:  "Bytes transmitted in " + interval,
		interfaceTxErrors: "Transmit errors in " + interval,
		total:             "Total memory on the node",
		memUsed:           "Used memory on the node",
		memFree:           "Free memory on the node",
		memShared:         "Shared memory on the node",
		memBuffers:        "Buffers memory on the node",
		memCache:          "Cache memory on the node",
		memAvailable:      "Available memory on the node",
		readsPerSec:       "Reads per second on a drive",
		writesPerSec:      "Writes per second on a drive",
		readsKBPerSec:     "Kilobytes read per second on a drive",
		writesKBPerSec:    "Kilobytes written per second on a drive",
		readsAwait:        "Average time for read requests to be served on a drive",
		writesAwait:       "Average time for write requests to be served on a drive",
		percUtil:          "Percentage of time the disk was busy since uptime",
		usedBytes:         "Used bytes on a drive",
		totalBytes:        "Total bytes on a drive",
		usedInodes:        "Total inodes used on a drive",
		totalInodes:       "Total inodes on a drive",
		cpuUser:           "CPU user time",
		cpuSystem:         "CPU system time",
		cpuIdle:           "CPU idle time",
		cpuIOWait:         "CPU ioWait time",
		cpuSteal:          "CPU steal time",
		cpuNice:           "CPU nice time",
		cpuLoad1:          "CPU load average 1min",
		cpuLoad5:          "CPU load average 5min",
		cpuLoad15:         "CPU load average 15min",
	}
	resourceMetricsGroups = []*MetricsGroup{
		getResourceMetrics(),
	}

	resourceCollector = newMinioResourceCollector(resourceMetricsGroups)
}

func updateResourceMetrics(subSys MetricSubsystem, name MetricName, val float64, labels map[string]string, isCumulative bool) {
	subsysMetrics, found := resourceMetricsMap[subSys]
	if !found {
		subsysMetrics = ResourceMetrics{}
	}

	// labels are used to uniquely identify a metric
	// e.g. reads_per_sec_{drive} inside the map
	sfx := ""
	for _, v := range labels {
		if len(sfx) > 0 {
			sfx += "_"
		}
		sfx += v
	}

	key := string(name) + "_" + sfx
	metric, found := subsysMetrics[key]
	if !found {
		metric = ResourceMetric{
			Name:   name,
			Labels: labels,
		}
	}

	if isCumulative {
		metric.Current = val - metric.Cumulative
		metric.Cumulative = val
	} else {
		metric.Current = val
	}

	if metric.Current > metric.Max {
		metric.Max = val
	}

	metric.Sum += metric.Current
	metric.Count++

	metric.Avg = metric.Sum / float64(metric.Count)
	subsysMetrics[key] = metric

	resourceMetricsMap[subSys] = subsysMetrics
}

func collectDriveMetrics(m madmin.RealtimeMetrics) {
	upt, _ := host.Uptime()
	kib := 1 << 10
	sectorSize := uint64(512)

	for d, dm := range m.ByDisk {
		stats := dm.IOStats
		labels := map[string]string{"drive": d}
		updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, readsPerSec, float64(stats.ReadIOs)/float64(upt), labels, false)

		readBytes := stats.ReadSectors * sectorSize
		readKib := float64(readBytes) / float64(kib)
		readKibPerSec := readKib / float64(upt)
		updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, readsKBPerSec, readKibPerSec, labels, false)

		updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, writesPerSec, float64(stats.WriteIOs)/float64(upt), labels, false)

		writeBytes := stats.WriteSectors * sectorSize
		writeKib := float64(writeBytes) / float64(kib)
		writeKibPerSec := writeKib / float64(upt)
		updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, writesKBPerSec, writeKibPerSec, labels, false)

		rdAwait := 0.0
		if stats.ReadIOs > 0 {
			rdAwait = float64(stats.ReadTicks) / float64(stats.ReadIOs)
		}
		updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, readsAwait, rdAwait, labels, false)

		wrAwait := 0.0
		if stats.WriteIOs > 0 {
			wrAwait = float64(stats.WriteTicks) / float64(stats.WriteIOs)
		}
		updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, writesAwait, wrAwait, labels, false)

		updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, percUtil, float64(stats.TotalTicks)/float64(upt*10), labels, false)
	}

	globalLocalDrivesMu.RLock()
	gld := globalLocalDrives
	globalLocalDrivesMu.RUnlock()

	for _, d := range gld {
		labels := map[string]string{"drive": d.Endpoint().RawPath}
		di, err := d.DiskInfo(GlobalContext, false)
		if err == nil {
			updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, usedBytes, float64(di.Used), labels, false)
			updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, totalBytes, float64(di.Total), labels, false)
			updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, usedInodes, float64(di.UsedInodes), labels, false)
			updateResourceMetrics(driveSubsystem, totalInodes, float64(di.FreeInodes+di.UsedInodes), labels, false)
		}
	}
}

func collectLocalResourceMetrics() {
	var types madmin.MetricType = madmin.MetricsDisk | madmin.MetricNet | madmin.MetricsMem | madmin.MetricsCPU

	m := collectLocalMetrics(types, collectMetricsOpts{
		hosts: map[string]struct{}{
			globalLocalNodeName: {},
		},
	})

	for host, hm := range m.ByHost {
		if len(host) > 0 {
			if hm.Net != nil && len(hm.Net.NetStats.Name) > 0 {
				stats := hm.Net.NetStats
				labels := map[string]string{"interface": stats.Name}
				updateResourceMetrics(interfaceSubsystem, interfaceRxBytes, float64(stats.RxBytes), labels, true)
				updateResourceMetrics(interfaceSubsystem, interfaceRxErrors, float64(stats.RxErrors), labels, true)
				updateResourceMetrics(interfaceSubsystem, interfaceTxBytes, float64(stats.TxBytes), labels, true)
				updateResourceMetrics(interfaceSubsystem, interfaceTxErrors, float64(stats.TxErrors), labels, true)
			}
			if hm.Mem != nil && len(hm.Mem.Info.Addr) > 0 {
				labels := map[string]string{}
				stats := hm.Mem.Info
				updateResourceMetrics(memSubsystem, total, float64(stats.Total), labels, false)
				updateResourceMetrics(memSubsystem, memUsed, float64(stats.Used), labels, false)
				updateResourceMetrics(memSubsystem, memFree, float64(stats.Free), labels, false)
				updateResourceMetrics(memSubsystem, memShared, float64(stats.Shared), labels, false)
				updateResourceMetrics(memSubsystem, memBuffers, float64(stats.Buffers), labels, false)
				updateResourceMetrics(memSubsystem, memAvailable, float64(stats.Available), labels, false)
				updateResourceMetrics(memSubsystem, memCache, float64(stats.Cache), labels, false)
			}
			if hm.CPU != nil {
				labels := map[string]string{}
				ts := hm.CPU.TimesStat
				if ts != nil {
					tot := ts.User + ts.System + ts.Idle + ts.Iowait + ts.Nice + ts.Steal
					cpuUserVal := math.Round(ts.User/tot*100*100) / 100
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuUser, cpuUserVal, labels, false)
					cpuSystemVal := math.Round(ts.System/tot*100*100) / 100
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuSystem, cpuSystemVal, labels, false)
					cpuIdleVal := math.Round(ts.Idle/tot*100*100) / 100
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuIdle, cpuIdleVal, labels, false)
					cpuIOWaitVal := math.Round(ts.Iowait/tot*100*100) / 100
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuIOWait, cpuIOWaitVal, labels, false)
					cpuNiceVal := math.Round(ts.Nice/tot*100*100) / 100
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuNice, cpuNiceVal, labels, false)
					cpuStealVal := math.Round(ts.Steal/tot*100*100) / 100
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuSteal, cpuStealVal, labels, false)
				}
				ls := hm.CPU.LoadStat
				if ls != nil {
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuLoad1, ls.Load1, labels, false)
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuLoad5, ls.Load5, labels, false)
					updateResourceMetrics(cpuSubsystem, cpuLoad15, ls.Load15, labels, false)
				}
			}
			break // only one host expected
		}
	}

	collectDriveMetrics(m)
}

// startResourceMetricsCollection - starts the job for collecting resource metrics
func startResourceMetricsCollection() {
	resourceMetricsMap = map[MetricSubsystem]ResourceMetrics{}
	metricsTimer := time.NewTimer(resourceMetricsCollectionInterval)
	defer metricsTimer.Stop()

	collectLocalResourceMetrics()

	for {
		select {
		case <-GlobalContext.Done():
			return
		case <-metricsTimer.C:
			collectLocalResourceMetrics()

			// Reset the timer for next cycle.
			metricsTimer.Reset(resourceMetricsCollectionInterval)
		}
	}
}

// minioResourceCollector is the Collector for resource metrics
type minioResourceCollector struct {
	metricsGroups []*MetricsGroup
	desc          *prometheus.Desc
}

// Describe sends the super-set of all possible descriptors of metrics
func (c *minioResourceCollector) Describe(ch chan<- *prometheus.Desc) {
	ch <- c.desc
}

// Collect is called by the Prometheus registry when collecting metrics.
func (c *minioResourceCollector) Collect(out chan<- prometheus.Metric) {
	var wg sync.WaitGroup
	publish := func(in <-chan Metric) {
		defer wg.Done()
		for metric := range in {
			labels, values := getOrderedLabelValueArrays(metric.VariableLabels)
			collectMetric(metric, labels, values, "resource", out)
		}
	}

	// Call peer api to fetch metrics
	wg.Add(2)
	go publish(ReportMetrics(GlobalContext, c.metricsGroups))
	go publish(globalNotificationSys.GetResourceMetrics(GlobalContext))
	wg.Wait()
}

// newMinioResourceCollector describes the collector
// and returns reference of minio resource Collector
// It creates the Prometheus Description which is used
// to define Metric and  help string
func newMinioResourceCollector(metricsGroups []*MetricsGroup) *minioResourceCollector {
	return &minioResourceCollector{
		metricsGroups: metricsGroups,
		desc:          prometheus.NewDesc("minio_resource_stats", "Resource statistics exposed by MinIO server", nil, nil),
	}
}

func prepareResourceMetrics(rm ResourceMetric, subSys MetricSubsystem, requireAvgMax bool) []Metric {
	help := resourceMetricsHelpMap[rm.Name]
	name := rm.Name

	metrics := []Metric{}
	metrics = append(metrics, Metric{
		Description:    getResourceMetricDescription(subSys, name, help),
		Value:          rm.Current,
		VariableLabels: rm.Labels,
	})

	if requireAvgMax {
		avgName := MetricName(fmt.Sprintf("%s_avg", name))
		avgHelp := fmt.Sprintf("%s (avg)", help)
		metrics = append(metrics, Metric{
			Description:    getResourceMetricDescription(subSys, avgName, avgHelp),
			Value:          math.Round(rm.Avg*100) / 100,
			VariableLabels: rm.Labels,
		})

		maxName := MetricName(fmt.Sprintf("%s_max", name))
		maxHelp := fmt.Sprintf("%s (max)", help)
		metrics = append(metrics, Metric{
			Description:    getResourceMetricDescription(subSys, maxName, maxHelp),
			Value:          rm.Max,
			VariableLabels: rm.Labels,
		})
	}

	return metrics
}

func getResourceMetricDescription(subSys MetricSubsystem, name MetricName, help string) MetricDescription {
	return MetricDescription{
		Namespace: nodeMetricNamespace,
		Subsystem: subSys,
		Name:      name,
		Help:      help,
		Type:      gaugeMetric,
	}
}

func getResourceMetrics() *MetricsGroup {
	mg := &MetricsGroup{
		cacheInterval: resourceMetricsCacheInterval,
	}
	mg.RegisterRead(func(ctx context.Context) []Metric {
		metrics := []Metric{}

		subSystems := []MetricSubsystem{interfaceSubsystem, memSubsystem, driveSubsystem, cpuSubsystem}
		for _, subSys := range subSystems {
			stats, found := resourceMetricsMap[subSys]
			if found {
				requireAvgMax := true
				if subSys == driveSubsystem {
					requireAvgMax = false
				}
				for _, m := range stats {
					metrics = append(metrics, prepareResourceMetrics(m, subSys, requireAvgMax)...)
				}
			}
		}

		return metrics
	})
	return mg
}

// metricsResourceHandler is the prometheus handler for resource metrics
func metricsResourceHandler() http.Handler {
	return metricsHTTPHandler(resourceCollector, "handler.MetricsResource")
}