mirror of https://github.com/minio/minio.git
116 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
116 lines
5.4 KiB
Markdown
# KMS Quickstart Guide [](https://slack.minio.io)
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Minio uses a key-management-system (KMS) to support SSE-S3. If a client requests SSE-S3 or auto-encryption
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is enabled the Minio server encrypts each object with an unique object key which is protected by a master key
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managed by the KMS. Usually many/all object keys are protected by a single master key.
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Minio supports two different KMS concepts:
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- External KMS:
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Minio can be configured to use an external KMS i.e. [Hashicorp Vault](https://www.vaultproject.io/).
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An external KMS decouples Minio as storage system from key-management. An external KMS can
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be managed by a dedicated security team and allows to grant/deny access to (certain) objects
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by en/disabling the corresponding master keys on demand.
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However, an external KMS causes configuration and management overhead.
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- Direct KMS master keys:
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Minio can also be configured to directly use a master key specified by the ENV. variable `MINIO_SSE_MASTER_KEY`.
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Direct master keys are useful if the storage backend is not on the same machine as the Minio server - e.g.
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if network drives or Minio gateway is used - and an external KMS would cause too much management overhead.
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Note: If the Minio server machine is ever compromised, then the master key must also be
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treated as compromised.
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## Get started
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### 1. Prerequisites
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Install Minio - [Minio Quickstart Guide](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-quickstart-guide).
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### 2. Setup a KMS
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Either use Hashicorp Vault as external KMS or specify a master key directly depending on your use case.
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#### 2.1 Setup Hashicorp Vault
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Here is a sample quick start for configuring vault with a transit backend and Approle with correct policy
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Minio requires the following Vault setup:
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- The [transit backend](https://www.vaultproject.io/api/secret/transit/index.html) configured with a named encryption key-ring
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- [AppRole](https://www.vaultproject.io/docs/auth/approle.html) based authentication with read/update policy for transit backend. In particular, read and update policy are required for the [Generate Data Key](https://www.vaultproject.io/api/secret/transit/index.html#generate-data-key) endpoint and [Decrypt Data](https://www.vaultproject.io/api/secret/transit/index.html#decrypt-data) endpoint.
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**2.1.1 Start Vault server in dev mode**
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In dev mode, Vault server runs in-memory and starts unsealed. Note that running Vault in dev mode is insecure and any data stored in the Vault is lost upon restart.
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```
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vault server -dev
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```
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**2.1.2 Set up vault transit backend and create an app role**
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```
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cat > vaultpolicy.hcl <<EOF
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path "transit/datakey/plaintext/my-minio-key" {
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capabilities = [ "read", "update"]
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}
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path "transit/decrypt/my-minio-key" {
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capabilities = [ "read", "update"]
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}
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path "transit/encrypt/my-minio-key" {
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capabilities = [ "read", "update"]
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}
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EOF
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export VAULT_ADDR='http://127.0.0.1:8200'
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vault auth enable approle # enable approle style auth
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vault secrets enable transit # enable transit secrets engine
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vault write -f transit/keys/my-minio-key #define a encryption key-ring for the transit path
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vault policy write minio-policy ./vaultpolicy.hcl #define a policy for AppRole to access transit path
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vault write auth/approle/role/my-role token_num_uses=0 secret_id_num_uses=0 period=60s # period indicates it is renewable if token is renewed before the period is over
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# define an AppRole
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vault write auth/approle/role/my-role policies=minio-policy # apply policy to role
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vault read auth/approle/role/my-role/role-id # get Approle ID
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vault write -f auth/approle/role/my-role/secret-id
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```
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The AppRole ID, AppRole Secret Id, Vault endpoint and Vault key name can now be used to start minio server with Vault as KMS.
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**2.1.3 Vault Environment variables**
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You'll need the Vault endpoint, AppRole ID, AppRole SecretID and encryption key-ring name defined in step 2.1.2
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```sh
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export MINIO_SSE_VAULT_APPROLE_ID=9b56cc08-8258-45d5-24a3-679876769126
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export MINIO_SSE_VAULT_APPROLE_SECRET=4e30c52f-13e4-a6f5-0763-d50e8cb4321f
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export MINIO_SSE_VAULT_ENDPOINT=https://vault-endpoint-ip:8200
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export MINIO_SSE_VAULT_KEY_NAME=my-minio-key
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minio server ~/export
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```
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Optionally set `MINIO_SSE_VAULT_NAMESPACE` if AppRole and Transit Secrets engine have been scoped to Vault Namespace
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```
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export MINIO_SSE_VAULT_NAMESPACE=ns1
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```
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Note: If [Vault Namespaces](https://learn.hashicorp.com/vault/operations/namespaces) are in use, MINIO_SSE_VAULT_NAMESPACE variable needs to be set before setting approle and transit secrets engine.
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#### 2.2 Specify a master key
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A KMS master key consists of a master-key ID (CMK) and the 256 bit master key encoded as HEX value separated by a `:`.
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A KMS master key can be specified directly using:
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```sh
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export MINIO_SSE_MASTER_KEY=my-minio-key:6368616e676520746869732070617373776f726420746f206120736563726574
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```
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### 3. Test your setup
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To test this setup, start minio server with environment variables set in Step 3, and server is ready to handle SSE-S3 requests.
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# Explore Further
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- [Use `mc` with Minio Server](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide)
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- [Use `aws-cli` with Minio Server](https://docs.minio.io/docs/aws-cli-with-minio)
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- [Use `s3cmd` with Minio Server](https://docs.minio.io/docs/s3cmd-with-minio)
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- [Use `minio-go` SDK with Minio Server](https://docs.minio.io/docs/golang-client-quickstart-guide)
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- [The Minio documentation website](https://docs.minio.io)
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