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144 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
144 lines
7.1 KiB
Markdown
# KMS Guide [](https://slack.min.io)
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MinIO uses a key-management-system (KMS) to support SSE-S3. If a client requests SSE-S3, or auto-encryption is enabled, the MinIO server encrypts each object with an unique object key which is protected by a master key managed by the KMS.
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## Quick Start
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MinIO supports multiple KMS implementations via our [KES](https://github.com/minio/kes#kes) project. We run a KES instance at `https://play.min.io:7373` for you to experiment and quickly get started. To run MinIO with a KMS just fetch the root identity, set the following environment variables and then start your MinIO server. If you haven't installed MinIO, yet, then follow the MinIO [install instructions](https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/index.html#quickstart-for-linux) first.
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### 1. Fetch the root identity
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As the initial step, fetch the private key and certificate of the root identity:
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```sh
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curl -sSL --tlsv1.2 \
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-O 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/kes/master/root.key' \
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-O 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/kes/master/root.cert'
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```
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### 2. Set the MinIO-KES configuration
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```sh
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_ENDPOINT=https://play.min.io:7373
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_KEY_FILE=root.key
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_CERT_FILE=root.cert
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_KEY_NAME=my-minio-key
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```
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### 3. Start the MinIO Server
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```sh
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export MINIO_ROOT_USER=minio
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export MINIO_ROOT_PASSWORD=minio123
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minio server ~/export
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```
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> The KES instance at `https://play.min.io:7373` is meant to experiment and provides a way to get started quickly.
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> Note that anyone can access or delete master keys at `https://play.min.io:7373`. You should run your own KES
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> instance in production.
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## Configuration Guides
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A typical MinIO deployment that uses a KMS for SSE-S3 looks like this:
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```
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┌────────────┐
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│ ┌──────────┴─┬─────╮ ┌────────────┐
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└─┤ ┌──────────┴─┬───┴──────────┤ ┌──────────┴─┬─────────────────╮
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└─┤ ┌──────────┴─┬─────┬──────┴─┤ KES Server ├─────────────────┤
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└─┤ MinIO ├─────╯ └────────────┘ ┌────┴────┐
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└────────────┘ │ KMS │
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└─────────┘
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```
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In a given setup, there are `n` MinIO instances talking to `m` KES servers but only `1` central KMS. The most simple setup consists of `1` MinIO server or cluster talking to `1` KMS via `1` KES server.
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The main difference between various MinIO-KMS deployments is the KMS implementation. The following table helps you select the right option for your use case:
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| KMS | Purpose |
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|:---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------------------------------|
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| [Hashicorp Vault](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Hashicorp-Vault-Keystore) | Local KMS. MinIO and KMS on-prem (**Recommended**) |
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| [AWS-KMS + SecretsManager](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/AWS-SecretsManager) | Cloud KMS. MinIO in combination with a managed KMS installation |
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| [Gemalto KeySecure /Thales CipherTrust](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Gemalto-KeySecure) | Local KMS. MinIO and KMS On-Premises. |
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| [Google Cloud Platform SecretManager](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/GCP-SecretManager) | Cloud KMS. MinIO in combination with a managed KMS installation |
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| [FS](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Filesystem-Keystore) | Local testing or development (**Not recommended for production**) |
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The MinIO-KES configuration is always the same - regardless of the underlying KMS implementation. Checkout the MinIO-KES [configuration example](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/MinIO-Object-Storage).
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### Further references
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- [Run MinIO with TLS / HTTPS](https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/operations/network-encryption.html)
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- [Tweak the KES server configuration](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Configuration)
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- [Run a load balancer infront of KES](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/TLS-Proxy)
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- [Understand the KES server concepts](https://github.com/minio/kes/wiki/Concepts)
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## Auto Encryption
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Auto-Encryption is useful when MinIO administrator wants to ensure that all data stored on MinIO is encrypted at rest.
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### Using `mc encrypt` (recommended)
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MinIO automatically encrypts all objects on buckets if KMS is successfully configured and bucket encryption configuration is enabled for each bucket as shown below:
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```
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mc encrypt set sse-s3 myminio/bucket/
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```
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Verify if MinIO has `sse-s3` enabled
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```
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mc encrypt info myminio/bucket/
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Auto encryption 'sse-s3' is enabled
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```
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### Using environment (not-recommended)
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MinIO automatically encrypts all objects on buckets if KMS is successfully configured and following ENV is enabled:
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```
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export MINIO_KMS_AUTO_ENCRYPTION=on
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```
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### Verify auto-encryption
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> Note that auto-encryption only affects requests without S3 encryption headers. So, if a S3 client sends
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> e.g. SSE-C headers, MinIO will encrypt the object with the key sent by the client and won't reach out to
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> the configured KMS.
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To verify auto-encryption, use the following `mc` command:
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```
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mc cp test.file myminio/bucket/
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test.file: 5 B / 5 B ▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓▓ 100.00% 337 B/s 0s
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```
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```
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mc stat myminio/bucket/test.file
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Name : test.file
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...
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Encrypted :
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X-Amz-Server-Side-Encryption: AES256
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```
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## Encrypted Private Key
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MinIO supports encrypted KES client private keys. Therefore, you can use
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an password-protected private keys for `MINIO_KMS_KES_KEY_FILE`.
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When using password-protected private keys for accessing KES you need to
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provide the password via:
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```
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export MINIO_KMS_KES_KEY_PASSWORD=<your-password>
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```
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Note that MinIO only supports encrypted private keys - not encrypted certificates.
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Certificates are no secrets and sent in plaintext as part of the TLS handshake.
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## Explore Further
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- [Use `mc` with MinIO Server](https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/reference/minio-mc.html)
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- [Use `aws-cli` with MinIO Server](https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/integrations/aws-cli-with-minio.html)
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- [Use `minio-go` SDK with MinIO Server](https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/developers/go/minio-go.html)
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- [The MinIO documentation website](https://min.io/docs/minio/linux/index.html)
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