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How to configure Prometheus AlertManager

Alerting with prometheus is two step process. First we setup alerts in Prometheus server and then we need to send alerts to the AlertManager. Prometheus AlertManager is the component that manages sending, inhibition and silencing of the alerts generated from Prometheus. The AlertManager can be configured to send alerts to variety of receivers. Refer Prometheus AlertManager receivers for more details.

Follow below steps to enable and use AlertManager.

Deploy and start AlertManager

Install Prometheus AlertManager from https://prometheus.io/download/ and create configuration as below

route:
  group_by: ['alertname']
  group_wait: 30s
  group_interval: 5m
  repeat_interval: 1h
  receiver: 'web.hook'
receivers:
  - name: 'web.hook'
    webhook_configs:
      - url: 'http://127.0.0.1:8010/webhook'
inhibit_rules:
  - source_match:
      severity: 'critical'
    target_match:
      severity: 'warning'
    equal: ['alertname', 'dev', 'instance']

This sample confoguration uses a webhook at http://127.0.0.1:8010/webhook to post the alerts. Start the AlertManager and it listens on port 9093 by default. Make sure your webhook is up and listening for the alerts.

Configure Prometheus to use AlertManager

Add below section to your prometheus.yml

alerting:
  alertmanagers:
  - static_configs:
    - targets: ['localhost:9093']
rule_files:
  - rules.yml

Here rules.yml is the file which should contain the alerting rules defined.

Add rules for your deployment

Below is a sample alerting rules configuration for MinIO. Refer https://prometheus.io/docs/prometheus/latest/configuration/alerting_rules/ for more instructions on writing alerting rules for Prometheus.

groups:
- name: example
  rules:
  - alert: MinIOClusterTolerance
    expr: minio_cluster_health_erasure_set_tolerance <= 0
    for: 5m
    labels:
      severity: critical
    annotations:
      summary: "Instance {{ $labels.server }} unable to tolerate node failures"
      description: "MinIO instance {{ $labels.server }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has tolerance <=0 for more than 5 minutes."

Verify the configuration and alerts

To verify the above sample alert follow below steps

Start a distributed MinIO instance (4 nodes setup)
Start Prometheus server and AlertManager
Bring down couple of MinIO instances to bring down the Erasure Set tolerance to -1 and verify the same with mc admin prometheus metrics ALIAS | grep minio_cluster_health_erasure_set_tolerance
Wait for 5 mins (as alert is configured to be firing after 5 mins), and verify that you see an entry in webhook for the alert as well as in Prometheus console as shown below

{
  "receiver": "web\\.hook",
  "status": "firing",
  "alerts": [
    {
      "status": "firing",
      "labels": {
        "alertname": "MinIOClusterTolerance",
        "instance": "localhost:9000",
        "job": "minio-job-node",
        "pool": "0",
        "server": "127.0.0.1:9000",
        "set": "0",
        "severity": "critical"
      },
      "annotations": {
        "description": "MinIO instance 127.0.0.1:9000 of job minio-job has tolerance <=0 for more than 5 minutes.",
        "summary": "Instance 127.0.0.1:9000 unable to tolerate node failures"
      },
      "startsAt": "2023-11-18T06:20:09.456Z",
      "endsAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z",
      "generatorURL": "http://fedora-shubhendu:9090/graph?g0.expr=minio_cluster_health_erasure_set_tolerance+%3C%3D+0&g0.tab=1",
      "fingerprint": "2255608b0da28ca3"
    }
  ],
  "groupLabels": {
    "alertname": "MinIOClusterTolerance"
  },
  "commonLabels": {
    "alertname": "MinIOClusterTolerance",
    "instance": "localhost:9000",
    "job": "minio-job-node",
    "pool": "0",
    "server": "127.0.0.1:9000",
    "set": "0",
    "severity": "critical"
  },
  "commonAnnotations": {
    "description": "MinIO instance 127.0.0.1:9000 of job minio-job has tolerance <=0 for more than 5 minutes.",
    "summary": "Instance 127.0.0.1:9000 unable to tolerate node failures"
  },
  "externalURL": "http://fedora-shubhendu:9093",
  "version": "4",
  "groupKey": "{}:{alertname=\"MinIOClusterTolerance\"}",
  "truncatedAlerts": 0
}

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