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Deploy MinIO on Kubernetes 
Kubernetes concepts like Deployments and StatefulSets provide perfect platform to deploy MinIO server in standalone, distributed or gateway mode. There are multiple options to deploy MinIO on Kubernetes, you can choose the one that best suits your requirements.
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Helm Chart: MinIO Helm Chart offers customizable and easy MinIO deployment with a single command. Refer MinIO Helm Chart repository documentation for more details.
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YAML File: MinIO can be deployed with
yamlfiles viakubectl. This document outlines steps required to deploy MinIO usingyamlfiles.
Table of Contents
- Prerequisites
- MinIO Standalone Server Deployment
- MinIO Distributed Server Deployment
- MinIO GCS Gateway Deployment
- Monitoring MinIO in Kubernetes
Prerequisites
To run this example, you need Kubernetes version >=1.4 cluster installed and running, and that you have installed the kubectl command line tool in your path. Please see the getting started guides for installation instructions for your platform.
MinIO Standalone Server Deployment
The following section describes the process to deploy standalone MinIO server on Kubernetes. The deployment uses the official MinIO Docker image from Docker Hub.
This section uses following core components of Kubernetes:
Standalone Quickstart
Run the below commands to get started quickly
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-standalone-pvc.yaml?raw=true
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-standalone-deployment.yaml?raw=true
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-standalone-service.yaml?raw=true
Create Persistent Volume Claim
MinIO needs persistent storage to store objects. If there is no persistent storage, the data stored in MinIO instance will be stored in the container file system and will be wiped off as soon as the container restarts.
Create a persistent volume claim (PVC) to request storage for the MinIO instance. Kubernetes looks out for PVs matching the PVC request in the cluster and binds it to the PVC automatically. Create the PersistentVolumeClaim
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-standalone-pvc.yaml?raw=true
persistentvolumeclaim "minio-pv-claim" created
Create MinIO Deployment
A deployment encapsulates replica sets and pods. If a pod goes down, replication controller makes sure another pod comes up automatically. This way you won’t need to bother about pod failures and will have a stable MinIO service available. Create the Deployment using the following command
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-standalone-deployment.yaml?raw=true
deployment "minio-deployment" created
Create MinIO Service
Now that you have a MinIO deployment running, you may either want to access it internally (within the cluster) or expose it as a Service onto an external (outside of your cluster, maybe public internet) IP address, depending on your use case. You can achieve this using Services. There are 3 major service types — default type is ClusterIP, which exposes a service to connection from inside the cluster. NodePort and LoadBalancer are two types that expose services to external traffic.
In this example, we expose the MinIO Deployment by creating a LoadBalancer service. Create the MinIO service using the following command
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-standalone-service.yaml?raw=true
service "minio-service" created
The LoadBalancer service takes couple of minutes to launch. To check if the service was created successfully, run the command
kubectl get svc minio-service
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
minio-service 10.55.248.23 104.199.249.165 9000:31852/TCP 1m
Update existing MinIO Deployment
You can update an existing MinIO deployment to use a newer MinIO release. To do this, use the kubectl set image command:
kubectl set image deployment/minio-deployment minio=<replace-with-new-minio-image>
Kubernetes will restart the deployment to update the image. You will get a message as shown below, on successful update:
deployment "minio-deployment" image updated
Standalone Resource cleanup
You can cleanup the cluster using
kubectl delete deployment minio \
&& kubectl delete pvc minio-pv-claim \
&& kubectl delete svc minio-service
MinIO Distributed Server Deployment
The following document describes the process to deploy distributed MinIO server on Kubernetes. This example uses the official MinIO Docker image from Docker Hub.
This example uses following core components of Kubernetes:
Distributed Quickstart
Run the below commands to get started quickly
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-distributed-headless-service.yaml?raw=true
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-distributed-statefulset.yaml?raw=true
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-distributed-service.yaml?raw=true
Create MinIO Headless Service
Headless Service controls the domain within which StatefulSets are created. The domain managed by this Service takes the form: $(service name).$(namespace).svc.cluster.local (where “cluster.local” is the cluster domain), and the pods in this domain take the form: $(pod-name-{i}).$(service name).$(namespace).svc.cluster.local. This is required to get a DNS resolvable URL for each of the pods created within the Statefulset. Create the Headless Service using the following command
$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-distributed-headless-service.yaml?raw=true
service "minio" created
Create MinIO Statefulset
A StatefulSet provides a deterministic name and a unique identity to each pod, making it easy to deploy stateful distributed applications. To launch distributed MinIO you need to pass drive locations as parameters to the minio server command. Then, you’ll need to run the same command on all the participating pods. StatefulSets offer a perfect way to handle this requirement. Create the Statefulset using the following command
$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-distributed-statefulset.yaml?raw=true
statefulset "minio" created
Create MinIO Service
Now that you have a MinIO statefulset running, you may either want to access it internally (within the cluster) or expose it as a Service onto an external (outside of your cluster, maybe public internet) IP address, depending on your use case. You can achieve this using Services. There are 3 major service types — default type is ClusterIP, which exposes a service to connection from inside the cluster. NodePort and LoadBalancer are two types that expose services to external traffic. Create the MinIO service using the following command
$ kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-distributed-service.yaml?raw=true
service "minio-service" created
The LoadBalancer service takes couple of minutes to launch. To check if the service was created successfully, run the command
$ kubectl get svc minio-service
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
minio-service 10.55.248.23 104.199.249.165 9000:31852/TCP 1m
Update existing MinIO StatefulSet
You can update an existing MinIO StatefulSet to use a newer MinIO release. To do this, use the kubectl patch statefulset command:
kubectl patch statefulset minio --type='json' -p='[{"op": "replace", "path": "/spec/template/spec/containers/0/image", "value":"<replace-with-new-minio-image>"}]'
On successful update, you should see the output below
statefulset "minio" patched
Then delete all the pods in your StatefulSet one by one as shown below. Kubernetes will restart those pods for you, using the new image.
kubectl delete minio-0
Resource cleanup
You can cleanup the cluster using
kubectl delete statefulset minio \
&& kubectl delete svc minio \
&& kubectl delete svc minio-service
Deploying on cluster nodes with local host path
If your cluster does not have a storage solution or PV abstraction, you must explicitly define what nodes you wish to run MinIO on, and define a homogeneous path to a local fast block device available on every host.
This must be changed in the example daemonset: minio-distributed-daemonset.yaml
Specifically the hostpath:
hostPath:
path: /data/minio/
And the list of hosts:
- http://hostname1:9000/data/minio
- http://hostname2:9000/data/minio
- http://hostname3:9000/data/minio
- http://hostname4:9000/data/minio
Once deployed, tag the defined host with the minio-server=true label:
kubectl label node hostname1 -l minio-server=true
kubectl label node hostname2 -l minio-server=true
kubectl label node hostname3 -l minio-server=true
kubectl label node hostname4 -l minio-server=true
MinIO GCS Gateway Deployment
The following section describes the process to deploy MinIO GCS Gateway on Kubernetes. The deployment uses the official MinIO Docker image from Docker Hub.
This section uses following core components of Kubernetes:
GCS Gateway Quickstart
Create the Google Cloud Service credentials file using the steps mentioned here.
Use the path of file generated above to create a Kubernetes secret.
kubectl create secret generic gcs-credentials --from-file=/path/to/gcloud/credentials/application_default_credentials.json
Then download the minio-gcs-gateway-deployment.yaml file
wget https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-gcs-gateway-deployment.yaml?raw=true
Update the section gcp_project_id with your GCS project ID. Then run
kubectl create -f minio-gcs-gateway-deployment.yaml
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-gcs-gateway-service.yaml?raw=true
Create GCS Credentials Secret
A secret is intended to hold sensitive information, such as passwords, OAuth tokens, and ssh keys. Putting this information in a secret is safer and more flexible than putting it verbatim in a pod definition or in a docker image.
Create the Google Cloud Service credentials file using the steps mentioned here.
Use the path of file generated above to create a Kubernetes secret.
kubectl create secret generic gcs-credentials --from-file=/path/to/gcloud/credentials/application_default_credentials.json
Create MinIO GCS Gateway Deployment
A deployment encapsulates replica sets and pods — so, if a pod goes down, replication controller makes sure another pod comes up automatically. This way you won’t need to bother about pod failures and will have a stable MinIO service available.
MinIO Gateway uses GCS as its storage backend and need to use a GCP projectid to identify your credentials. Update the section gcp_project_id with your
GCS project ID. Create the Deployment using the following command
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-gcs-gateway-deployment.yaml?raw=true
deployment "minio-deployment" created
Create MinIO LoadBalancer Service
Now that you have a MinIO deployment running, you may either want to access it internally (within the cluster) or expose it as a Service onto an external (outside of your cluster, maybe public internet) IP address, depending on your use case. You can achieve this using Services. There are 3 major service types — default type is ClusterIP, which exposes a service to connection from inside the cluster. NodePort and LoadBalancer are two types that expose services to external traffic. Create the MinIO service using the following command
kubectl create -f https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/orchestration/kubernetes/minio-gcs-gateway-service.yaml?raw=true
service "minio-service" created
The LoadBalancer service takes couple of minutes to launch. To check if the service was created successfully, run the command
kubectl get svc minio-service
NAME CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
minio-service 10.55.248.23 104.199.249.165 9000:31852/TCP 1m
Update Existing MinIO GCS Deployment
You can update an existing MinIO deployment to use a newer MinIO release. To do this, use the kubectl set image command:
kubectl set image deployment/minio-deployment minio=<replace-with-new-minio-image>
Kubernetes will restart the deployment to update the image. You will get a message as shown below, on successful update:
deployment "minio-deployment" image updated
GCS Gateway Resource Cleanup
You can cleanup the cluster using
kubectl delete deployment minio-deployment \
&& kubectl delete secret gcs-credentials
Monitoring MinIO in Kubernetes
MinIO server exposes un-authenticated readiness and liveness endpoints so Kubernetes can natively identify unhealthy MinIO containers. MinIO also exposes Prometheus compatible data on a different endpoint to enable Prometheus users to natively monitor their MinIO deployments.
Note : Readiness check is not allowed in distributed MinIO deployment. This is because Kubernetes doesn't allow any traffic to containers whose Readiness checks fail, and in a distributed setup, MinIO server can't respond to Readiness checks until all the nodes are reachable. So, Liveness checks are recommended native Kubernetes monitoring approach for distributed MinIO StatefulSets. Read more about Kubernetes recommendations for container probes.