minio/cmd/generic-handlers.go

// Copyright (c) 2015-2021 MinIO, Inc.
//
// This file is part of MinIO Object Storage stack
//
// This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
// it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published by
// the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
// (at your option) any later version.
//
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
//
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
// along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

package cmd

import (
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/http"
	"path"
	"path/filepath"
	"runtime/debug"
	"strings"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"

	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7/pkg/s3utils"
	"github.com/minio/minio-go/v7/pkg/set"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/grid"
	xnet "github.com/minio/pkg/v3/net"
	"golang.org/x/exp/maps"
	"golang.org/x/exp/slices"

	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/amztime"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/config/dns"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/crypto"
	xhttp "github.com/minio/minio/internal/http"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/logger"
	"github.com/minio/minio/internal/mcontext"
)

const (
	// Maximum allowed form data field values. 64MiB is a guessed practical value
	// which is more than enough to accommodate any form data fields and headers.
	requestFormDataSize = 64 * humanize.MiByte

	// For any HTTP request, request body should be not more than 16GiB + requestFormDataSize
	// where, 16GiB is the maximum allowed object size for object upload.
	requestMaxBodySize = globalMaxObjectSize + requestFormDataSize

	// Maximum size for http headers - See: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingMetadata.html
	maxHeaderSize = 8 * 1024

	// Maximum size for user-defined metadata - See: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/UsingMetadata.html
	maxUserDataSize = 2 * 1024

	// maxBuckets upto 500000 for any MinIO deployment.
	maxBuckets = 500 * 1000
)

// ReservedMetadataPrefix is the prefix of a metadata key which
// is reserved and for internal use only.
const (
	ReservedMetadataPrefix      = "X-Minio-Internal-"
	ReservedMetadataPrefixLower = "x-minio-internal-"
)

// containsReservedMetadata returns true if the http.Header contains
// keys which are treated as metadata but are reserved for internal use
// and must not set by clients
func containsReservedMetadata(header http.Header) bool {
	for key := range header {
		if slices.Contains(maps.Keys(validSSEReplicationHeaders), key) {
			return false
		}
		if stringsHasPrefixFold(key, ReservedMetadataPrefix) {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// isHTTPHeaderSizeTooLarge returns true if the provided
// header is larger than 8 KB or the user-defined metadata
// is larger than 2 KB.
func isHTTPHeaderSizeTooLarge(header http.Header) bool {
	var size, usersize int
	for key := range header {
		length := len(key) + len(header.Get(key))
		size += length
		for _, prefix := range userMetadataKeyPrefixes {
			if stringsHasPrefixFold(key, prefix) {
				usersize += length
				break
			}
		}
		if usersize > maxUserDataSize || size > maxHeaderSize {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// Limits body and header to specific allowed maximum limits as per S3/MinIO API requirements.
func setRequestLimitMiddleware(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		tc, ok := r.Context().Value(mcontext.ContextTraceKey).(*mcontext.TraceCtxt)

		// Reject unsupported reserved metadata first before validation.
		if containsReservedMetadata(r.Header) {
			if ok {
				tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
				tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
			}

			defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
			writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrUnsupportedMetadata), r.URL)
			return
		}

		if isHTTPHeaderSizeTooLarge(r.Header) {
			if ok {
				tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
				tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
			}

			defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
			writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrMetadataTooLarge), r.URL)
			atomic.AddUint64(&globalHTTPStats.rejectedRequestsHeader, 1)
			return
		}
		// Restricting read data to a given maximum length
		r.Body = http.MaxBytesReader(w, r.Body, requestMaxBodySize)
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

// Reserved bucket.
const (
	minioReservedBucket     = "minio"
	minioReservedBucketPath = SlashSeparator + minioReservedBucket

	loginPathPrefix = SlashSeparator + "login"
)

func guessIsBrowserReq(r *http.Request) bool {
	aType := getRequestAuthType(r)
	return strings.Contains(r.Header.Get("User-Agent"), "Mozilla") &&
		globalBrowserEnabled && aType == authTypeAnonymous
}

func setBrowserRedirectMiddleware(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		read := r.Method == http.MethodGet || r.Method == http.MethodHead
		// Re-direction is handled specifically for browser requests.
		if !guessIsHealthCheckReq(r) && guessIsBrowserReq(r) && read && globalBrowserRedirect {
			// Fetch the redirect location if any.
			if u := getRedirectLocation(r); u != nil {
				// Employ a temporary re-direct.
				http.Redirect(w, r, u.String(), http.StatusTemporaryRedirect)
				return
			}
		}
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

var redirectPrefixes = map[string]struct{}{
	"favicon-16x16.png": {},
	"favicon-32x32.png": {},
	"favicon-96x96.png": {},
	"index.html":        {},
	minioReservedBucket: {},
}

// Fetch redirect location if urlPath satisfies certain
// criteria. Some special names are considered to be
// redirectable, this is purely internal function and
// serves only limited purpose on redirect-handler for
// browser requests.
func getRedirectLocation(r *http.Request) *xnet.URL {
	resource, err := getResource(r.URL.Path, r.Host, globalDomainNames)
	if err != nil {
		return nil
	}
	bucket, _ := path2BucketObject(resource)
	_, redirect := redirectPrefixes[path.Clean(bucket)]
	if redirect || resource == slashSeparator {
		if globalBrowserRedirectURL != nil {
			return globalBrowserRedirectURL
		}
		xhost, err := xnet.ParseHost(r.Host)
		if err != nil {
			return nil
		}
		return &xnet.URL{
			Host: net.JoinHostPort(xhost.Name, globalMinioConsolePort),
			Scheme: func() string {
				scheme := "http"
				if r.TLS != nil {
					scheme = "https"
				}
				return scheme
			}(),
		}
	}
	return nil
}

// guessIsHealthCheckReq - returns true if incoming request looks
// like healthCheck request
func guessIsHealthCheckReq(req *http.Request) bool {
	if req == nil {
		return false
	}
	aType := getRequestAuthType(req)
	return aType == authTypeAnonymous && (req.Method == http.MethodGet || req.Method == http.MethodHead) &&
		(req.URL.Path == healthCheckPathPrefix+healthCheckLivenessPath ||
			req.URL.Path == healthCheckPathPrefix+healthCheckReadinessPath ||
			req.URL.Path == healthCheckPathPrefix+healthCheckClusterPath ||
			req.URL.Path == healthCheckPathPrefix+healthCheckClusterReadPath)
}

// guessIsMetricsReq - returns true if incoming request looks
// like metrics request
func guessIsMetricsReq(req *http.Request) bool {
	if req == nil {
		return false
	}
	aType := getRequestAuthType(req)
	return (aType == authTypeAnonymous || aType == authTypeJWT) &&
		req.URL.Path == minioReservedBucketPath+prometheusMetricsPathLegacy ||
		req.URL.Path == minioReservedBucketPath+prometheusMetricsV2ClusterPath ||
		req.URL.Path == minioReservedBucketPath+prometheusMetricsV2NodePath ||
		req.URL.Path == minioReservedBucketPath+prometheusMetricsV2BucketPath ||
		req.URL.Path == minioReservedBucketPath+prometheusMetricsV2ResourcePath ||
		strings.HasPrefix(req.URL.Path, minioReservedBucketPath+metricsV3Path)
}

// guessIsRPCReq - returns true if the request is for an RPC endpoint.
func guessIsRPCReq(req *http.Request) bool {
	if req == nil {
		return false
	}
	if req.Method == http.MethodGet && req.URL != nil && req.URL.Path == grid.RoutePath {
		return true
	}

	return req.Method == http.MethodPost &&
		strings.HasPrefix(req.URL.Path, minioReservedBucketPath+SlashSeparator)
}

// Check to allow access to the reserved "bucket" `/minio` for Admin
// API requests.
func isAdminReq(r *http.Request) bool {
	return strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, adminPathPrefix)
}

// Check to allow access to the reserved "bucket" `/minio` for KMS
// API requests.
func isKMSReq(r *http.Request) bool {
	return strings.HasPrefix(r.URL.Path, kmsPathPrefix)
}

// Supported Amz date headers.
var amzDateHeaders = []string{
	// Do not change this order, x-amz-date value should be
	// validated first.
	"x-amz-date",
	"date",
}

// parseAmzDateHeader - parses supported amz date headers, in
// supported amz date formats.
func parseAmzDateHeader(req *http.Request) (time.Time, APIErrorCode) {
	for _, amzDateHeader := range amzDateHeaders {
		amzDateStr := req.Header.Get(amzDateHeader)
		if amzDateStr != "" {
			t, err := amztime.Parse(amzDateStr)
			if err != nil {
				return time.Time{}, ErrMalformedDate
			}
			return t, ErrNone
		}
	}
	// Date header missing.
	return time.Time{}, ErrMissingDateHeader
}

// Bad path components to be rejected by the path validity handler.
const (
	dotdotComponent = ".."
	dotComponent    = "."
)

func hasBadHost(host string) error {
	if globalIsCICD && strings.TrimSpace(host) == "" {
		// under CI/CD test setups ignore empty hosts as invalid hosts
		return nil
	}
	_, err := xnet.ParseHost(host)
	return err
}

// Check if the incoming path has bad path components,
// such as ".." and "."
func hasBadPathComponent(path string) bool {
	if len(path) > 4096 {
		// path cannot be greater than Linux PATH_MAX
		// this is to avoid a busy loop, that can happen
		// if the caller sends path of following style
		// a/a/a/a/a/a/a/a...
		return true
	}
	path = filepath.ToSlash(strings.TrimSpace(path)) // For windows '\' must be converted to '/'
	for _, p := range strings.Split(path, SlashSeparator) {
		switch strings.TrimSpace(p) {
		case dotdotComponent:
			return true
		case dotComponent:
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// Check if client is sending a malicious request.
func hasMultipleAuth(r *http.Request) bool {
	authTypeCount := 0
	for _, hasValidAuth := range []func(*http.Request) bool{
		isRequestSignatureV2, isRequestPresignedSignatureV2,
		isRequestSignatureV4, isRequestPresignedSignatureV4,
		isRequestJWT, isRequestPostPolicySignatureV4,
	} {
		if hasValidAuth(r) {
			authTypeCount++
		}
	}
	return authTypeCount > 1
}

// requestValidityHandler validates all the incoming paths for
// any malicious requests.
func setRequestValidityMiddleware(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		tc, ok := r.Context().Value(mcontext.ContextTraceKey).(*mcontext.TraceCtxt)

		if err := hasBadHost(r.Host); err != nil {
			if ok {
				tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
				tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
			}

			defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
			invalidReq := errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInvalidRequest)
			invalidReq.Description = fmt.Sprintf("%s (%s)", invalidReq.Description, err)
			writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, invalidReq, r.URL)
			atomic.AddUint64(&globalHTTPStats.rejectedRequestsInvalid, 1)
			return
		}

		// Check for bad components in URL path.
		if hasBadPathComponent(r.URL.Path) {
			if ok {
				tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
				tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
			}

			defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
			writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInvalidResourceName), r.URL)
			atomic.AddUint64(&globalHTTPStats.rejectedRequestsInvalid, 1)
			return
		}
		// Check for bad components in URL query values.
		for k, vv := range r.Form {
			if k == "delimiter" { // delimiters are allowed to have `.` or `..`
				continue
			}
			for _, v := range vv {
				if hasBadPathComponent(v) {
					if ok {
						tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
						tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
					}

					defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
					writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInvalidResourceName), r.URL)
					atomic.AddUint64(&globalHTTPStats.rejectedRequestsInvalid, 1)
					return
				}
			}
		}
		if hasMultipleAuth(r) {
			if ok {
				tc.FuncName = "handler.Auth"
				tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
			}

			defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
			invalidReq := errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInvalidRequest)
			invalidReq.Description = fmt.Sprintf("%s (request has multiple authentication types, please use one)", invalidReq.Description)
			writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, invalidReq, r.URL)
			atomic.AddUint64(&globalHTTPStats.rejectedRequestsInvalid, 1)
			return
		}
		// For all other requests reject access to reserved buckets
		bucketName, _ := request2BucketObjectName(r)
		if isMinioReservedBucket(bucketName) || isMinioMetaBucket(bucketName) {
			if !guessIsRPCReq(r) && !guessIsBrowserReq(r) && !guessIsHealthCheckReq(r) && !guessIsMetricsReq(r) && !isAdminReq(r) && !isKMSReq(r) {
				if ok {
					tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
					tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
				}
				defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
				writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrAllAccessDisabled), r.URL)
				return
			}
		} else {
			// Validate bucket names if it is not empty
			if bucketName != "" && s3utils.CheckValidBucketNameStrict(bucketName) != nil {
				if ok {
					tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
					tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
				}
				defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
				writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInvalidBucketName), r.URL)
				return
			}
		}
		// Deny SSE-C requests if not made over TLS
		if !globalIsTLS && (crypto.SSEC.IsRequested(r.Header) || crypto.SSECopy.IsRequested(r.Header)) {
			if r.Method == http.MethodHead {
				if ok {
					tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
					tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = false
				}

				defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
				writeErrorResponseHeadersOnly(w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInsecureSSECustomerRequest))
			} else {
				if ok {
					tc.FuncName = "handler.ValidRequest"
					tc.ResponseRecorder.LogErrBody = true
				}

				defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
				writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInsecureSSECustomerRequest), r.URL)
			}
			return
		}
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

// setBucketForwardingMiddleware middleware forwards the path style requests
// on a bucket to the right bucket location, bucket to IP configuration
// is obtained from centralized etcd configuration service.
func setBucketForwardingMiddleware(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		if origin := w.Header().Get("Access-Control-Allow-Origin"); origin == "null" {
			// This is a workaround change to ensure that "Origin: null"
			// incoming request to a response back as "*" instead of "null"
			w.Header().Set("Access-Control-Allow-Origin", "*")
		}
		if globalDNSConfig == nil || !globalBucketFederation ||
			guessIsHealthCheckReq(r) || guessIsMetricsReq(r) ||
			guessIsRPCReq(r) || guessIsLoginSTSReq(r) || isAdminReq(r) || isKMSReq(r) {
			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}

		bucket, object := request2BucketObjectName(r)

		// Requests in federated setups for STS type calls which are
		// performed at '/' resource should be routed by the muxer,
		// the assumption is simply such that requests without a bucket
		// in a federated setup cannot be proxied, so serve them at
		// current server.
		if bucket == "" {
			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}

		// MakeBucket requests should be handled at current endpoint
		if r.Method == http.MethodPut && bucket != "" && object == "" && r.URL.RawQuery == "" {
			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}

		// CopyObject requests should be handled at current endpoint as path style
		// requests have target bucket and object in URI and source details are in
		// header fields
		if r.Method == http.MethodPut && r.Header.Get(xhttp.AmzCopySource) != "" {
			bucket, object = path2BucketObject(r.Header.Get(xhttp.AmzCopySource))
			if bucket == "" || object == "" {
				h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
		}
		sr, err := globalDNSConfig.Get(bucket)
		if err != nil {
			defer logger.AuditLog(r.Context(), w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
			if err == dns.ErrNoEntriesFound {
				writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrNoSuchBucket), r.URL)
			} else {
				writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, toAPIError(r.Context(), err), r.URL)
			}
			return
		}
		if globalDomainIPs.Intersection(set.CreateStringSet(getHostsSlice(sr)...)).IsEmpty() {
			r.URL.Scheme = "http"
			if globalIsTLS {
				r.URL.Scheme = "https"
			}
			r.URL.Host = getHostFromSrv(sr)
			// Make sure we remove any existing headers before
			// proxying the request to another node.
			for k := range w.Header() {
				w.Header().Del(k)
			}
			globalForwarder.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

// addCustomHeadersMiddleware adds various HTTP(S) response headers.
// Security Headers enable various security protections behaviors in the client's browser.
func addCustomHeadersMiddleware(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		header := w.Header()
		header.Set("X-XSS-Protection", "1; mode=block")                                // Prevents against XSS attacks
		header.Set("X-Content-Type-Options", "nosniff")                                // Prevent mime-sniff
		header.Set("Strict-Transport-Security", "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains") // HSTS mitigates variants of MITM attacks

		// Previously, this value was set right before a response was sent to
		// the client. So, logger and Error response XML were not using this
		// value. This is set here so that this header can be logged as
		// part of the log entry, Error response XML and auditing.
		// Set custom headers such as x-amz-request-id for each request.
		w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzRequestID, mustGetRequestID(UTCNow()))
		if globalLocalNodeName != "" {
			w.Header().Set(xhttp.AmzRequestHostID, globalLocalNodeNameHex)
		}
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

// criticalErrorHandler handles panics and fatal errors by
// `panic(logger.ErrCritical)` as done by `logger.CriticalIf`.
//
// It should be always the first / highest HTTP handler.
func setCriticalErrorHandler(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		defer func() {
			if rec := recover(); rec == logger.ErrCritical { // handle
				stack := debug.Stack()
				logger.Error("critical: \"%s %s\": %v\n%s", r.Method, r.URL, rec, string(stack))
				writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInternalError), r.URL)
				return
			} else if rec != nil {
				stack := debug.Stack()
				logger.Error("panic: \"%s %s\": %v\n%s", r.Method, r.URL, rec, string(stack))
				// Try to write an error response, upstream may not have written header.
				writeErrorResponse(r.Context(), w, errorCodes.ToAPIErr(ErrInternalError), r.URL)
				return
			}
		}()
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}

// setUploadForwardingMiddleware middleware forwards multiparts requests
// in a site replication setup to peer that initiated the upload
func setUploadForwardingMiddleware(h http.Handler) http.Handler {
	return http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		if !globalSiteReplicationSys.isEnabled() ||
			guessIsHealthCheckReq(r) || guessIsMetricsReq(r) ||
			guessIsRPCReq(r) || guessIsLoginSTSReq(r) || isAdminReq(r) {
			h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}

		bucket, object := request2BucketObjectName(r)
		uploadID := r.Form.Get(xhttp.UploadID)

		if bucket != "" && object != "" && uploadID != "" {
			deplID, err := getDeplIDFromUpload(uploadID)
			if err != nil {
				h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			remote, self := globalSiteReplicationSys.getPeerForUpload(deplID)
			if self {
				h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
				return
			}
			r.URL.Scheme = remote.EndpointURL.Scheme
			r.URL.Host = remote.EndpointURL.Host
			// Make sure we remove any existing headers before
			// proxying the request to another node.
			for k := range w.Header() {
				w.Header().Del(k)
			}
			ctx := newContext(r, w, "SiteReplicationUploadForwarding")
			defer logger.AuditLog(ctx, w, r, mustGetClaimsFromToken(r))
			globalForwarder.ServeHTTP(w, r)
			return
		}
		h.ServeHTTP(w, r)
	})
}