moonfire-nvr/db/schema.sql

-- This file is part of Moonfire NVR, a security camera digital video recorder.
-- Copyright (C) 2016 Scott Lamb <slamb@slamb.org>
--
-- This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
-- it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
-- the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
-- (at your option) any later version.
--
-- In addition, as a special exception, the copyright holders give
-- permission to link the code of portions of this program with the
-- OpenSSL library under certain conditions as described in each
-- individual source file, and distribute linked combinations including
-- the two.
--
-- You must obey the GNU General Public License in all respects for all
-- of the code used other than OpenSSL. If you modify file(s) with this
-- exception, you may extend this exception to your version of the
-- file(s), but you are not obligated to do so. If you do not wish to do
-- so, delete this exception statement from your version. If you delete
-- this exception statement from all source files in the program, then
-- also delete it here.
--
-- This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
-- but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
-- MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
-- GNU General Public License for more details.
--
-- You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
-- along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
--
-- schema.sql: SQLite3 database schema for Moonfire NVR.
-- See also design/schema.md.

-- Database metadata. There should be exactly one row in this table.
create table meta (
  uuid blob not null check (length(uuid) = 16)
);

-- This table tracks the schema version.
-- There is one row for the initial database creation (inserted below, after the
-- create statements) and one for each upgrade procedure (if any).
create table version (
  id integer primary key,

  -- The unix time as of the creation/upgrade, as determined by
  -- cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int).
  unix_time integer not null,

  -- Optional notes on the creation/upgrade; could include the binary version.
  notes text
);

-- Tracks every time the database has been opened in read/write mode.
-- This is used to ensure directories are in sync with the database (see
-- schema.proto:DirMeta), to disambiguate uncommitted recordings, and
-- potentially to understand time problems.
create table open (
  id integer primary key,
  uuid blob unique not null check (length(uuid) = 16),

  -- Information about when / how long the database was open. These may be all
  -- null, for example in the open that represents all information written
  -- prior to database version 3.

  -- System time when the database was opened, in 90 kHz units since
  -- 1970-01-01 00:00:00Z excluding leap seconds.
  start_time_90k integer,

  -- System time when the database was closed or (on crash) last flushed.
  end_time_90k integer,

  -- How long the database was open. This is end_time_90k - start_time_90k if
  -- there were no time steps or leap seconds during this time.
  duration_90k integer
);

create table sample_file_dir (
  id integer primary key,
  path text unique not null,
  uuid blob unique not null check (length(uuid) = 16),

  -- The last (read/write) open of this directory which fully completed.
  -- See schema.proto:DirMeta for a more complete description.
  last_complete_open_id integer references open (id)
);

create table camera (
  id integer primary key,
  uuid blob unique not null check (length(uuid) = 16),

  -- A short name of the camera, used in log messages.
  short_name text not null,

  -- A short description of the camera.
  description text,

  -- The host (or IP address) to use in rtsp:// URLs when accessing the camera.
  host text,

  -- The username to use when accessing the camera.
  -- If empty, no username or password will be supplied.
  username text,

  -- The password to use when accessing the camera.
  password text
);

create table stream (
  id integer primary key,
  camera_id integer not null references camera (id),
  sample_file_dir_id integer references sample_file_dir (id),
  type text not null check (type in ('main', 'sub')),

  -- If record is true, the stream should start recording when moonfire
  -- starts. If false, no new recordings will be made, but old recordings
  -- will not be deleted.
  record integer not null check (record in (1, 0)),

  -- The path (starting with "/") to use in rtsp:// URLs to for this stream.
  rtsp_path text not null,

  -- The number of bytes of video to retain, excluding the currently-recording
  -- file. Older files will be deleted as necessary to stay within this limit.
  retain_bytes integer not null check (retain_bytes >= 0),

  -- Flush the database when the first instant of completed recording is this
  -- many seconds old. A value of 0 means that every completed recording will
  -- cause an immediate flush. Higher values may allow flushes to be combined,
  -- reducing SSD write cycles. For example, if all streams have a flush_if_sec
  -- >= x sec, there will be:
  --
  -- * at most one flush per x sec in total
  -- * at most x sec of completed but unflushed recordings per stream.
  -- * at most x completed but unflushed recordings per stream, in the worst
  --   case where a recording instantly fails, waits the 1-second retry delay,
  --   then fails again, forever.
  flush_if_sec integer not null,

  -- The low 32 bits of the next recording id to assign for this stream.
  -- Typically this is the maximum current recording + 1, but it does
  -- not decrease if that recording is deleted.
  next_recording_id integer not null check (next_recording_id >= 0),

  unique (camera_id, type)
);

-- Each row represents a single completed recorded segment of video.
-- Recordings are typically ~60 seconds; never more than 5 minutes.
create table recording (
  -- The high 32 bits of composite_id are taken from the stream's id, which
  -- improves locality. The low 32 bits are taken from the stream's
  -- next_recording_id (which should be post-incremented in the same
  -- transaction). It'd be simpler to use a "without rowid" table and separate
  -- fields to make up the primary key, but
  -- <https://www.sqlite.org/withoutrowid.html> points out that "without rowid"
  -- is not appropriate when the average row size is in excess of 50 bytes.
  -- recording_cover rows (which match this id format) are typically 1--5 KiB.
  composite_id integer primary key,

  -- The open in which this was committed to the database. For a given
  -- composite_id, only one recording will ever be committed to the database,
  -- but in-memory state may reflect a recording which never gets committed.
  -- This field allows disambiguation in etags and such.
  open_id integer not null references open (id),

  -- This field is redundant with id above, but used to enforce the reference
  -- constraint and to structure the recording_start_time index.
  stream_id integer not null references stream (id),

  -- The offset of this recording within a run. 0 means this was the first
  -- recording made from a RTSP session. The start of the run has id
  -- (id-run_offset).
  run_offset integer not null,

  -- flags is a bitmask:
  --
  -- * 1, or "trailing zero", indicates that this recording is the last in a
  --   stream. As the duration of a sample is not known until the next sample
  --   is received, the final sample in this recording will have duration 0.
  flags integer not null,

  sample_file_bytes integer not null check (sample_file_bytes > 0),

  -- The starting time of the recording, in 90 kHz units since
  -- 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC excluding leap seconds. Currently on initial
  -- connection, this is taken from the local system time; on subsequent
  -- recordings, it exactly matches the previous recording's end time.
  start_time_90k integer not null check (start_time_90k > 0),

  -- The duration of the recording, in 90 kHz units.
  duration_90k integer not null
      check (duration_90k >= 0 and duration_90k < 5*60*90000),

  video_samples integer not null check (video_samples > 0),
  video_sync_samples integer not null check (video_sync_samples > 0),
  video_sample_entry_id integer references video_sample_entry (id),

  check (composite_id >> 32 = stream_id)
);

create index recording_cover on recording (
  -- Typical queries use "where stream_id = ? order by start_time_90k".
  stream_id,
  start_time_90k,

  -- These fields are not used for ordering; they cover most queries so
  -- that only database verification and actual viewing of recordings need
  -- to consult the underlying row.
  open_id,
  duration_90k,
  video_samples,
  video_sync_samples,
  video_sample_entry_id,
  sample_file_bytes,
  run_offset,
  flags
);

-- Fields which are only needed to check/correct database integrity problems
-- (such as incorrect timestamps).
create table recording_integrity (
  -- See description on recording table.
  composite_id integer primary key references recording (composite_id),

  -- The number of 90 kHz units the local system's monotonic clock has
  -- advanced more than the stated duration of recordings in a run since the
  -- first recording ended. Negative numbers indicate the local system time is
  -- behind the recording.
  --
  -- The first recording of a run (that is, one with run_offset=0) has null
  -- local_time_delta_90k because errors are assumed to
  -- be the result of initial buffering rather than frequency mismatch.
  --
  -- This value should be near 0 even on long runs in which the camera's clock
  -- and local system's clock frequency differ because each recording's delta
  -- is used to correct the durations of the next (up to 500 ppm error).
  local_time_delta_90k integer,

  -- The number of 90 kHz units the local system's monotonic clock had
  -- advanced since the database was opened, as of the start of recording.
  -- TODO: fill this in!
  local_time_since_open_90k integer,

  -- The difference between start_time_90k+duration_90k and a wall clock
  -- timestamp captured at end of this recording. This is meaningful for all
  -- recordings in a run, even the initial one (run_offset=0), because
  -- start_time_90k is derived from the wall time as of when recording
  -- starts, not when it ends.
  -- TODO: fill this in!
  wall_time_delta_90k integer,

  -- The sha1 hash of the contents of the sample file.
  sample_file_sha1 blob check (length(sample_file_sha1) <= 20)
);

-- Large fields for a recording which are needed ony for playback.
-- In particular, when serving a byte range within a .mp4 file, the
-- recording_playback row is needed for the recording(s) corresponding to that
-- particular byte range, needed, but the recording rows suffice for all other
-- recordings in the .mp4.
create table recording_playback (
  -- See description on recording table.
  composite_id integer primary key references recording (composite_id),

  -- See design/schema.md#video_index for a description of this field.
  video_index blob not null check (length(video_index) > 0)

  -- audio_index could be added here in the future.
);

-- Files which are to be deleted (may or may not still exist).
-- Note that besides these files, for each stream, any recordings >= its
-- next_recording_id should be discarded on startup.
create table garbage (
  -- This is _mostly_ redundant with composite_id, which contains the stream
  -- id and thus a linkage to the sample file directory. Listing it here
  -- explicitly means that streams can be deleted without losing the
  -- association of garbage to directory.
  sample_file_dir_id integer not null references sample_file_dir (id),

  -- See description on recording table.
  composite_id integer not null,

  -- Organize the table first by directory, as that's how it will be queried.
  primary key (sample_file_dir_id, composite_id)
) without rowid;

-- A concrete box derived from a ISO/IEC 14496-12 section 8.5.2
-- VisualSampleEntry box. Describes the codec, width, height, etc.
create table video_sample_entry (
  id integer primary key,

  -- A SHA-1 hash of |bytes|.
  sha1 blob unique not null check (length(sha1) = 20),

  -- The width and height in pixels; must match values within
  -- |sample_entry_bytes|.
  width integer not null check (width > 0),
  height integer not null check (height > 0),

  -- The codec in RFC-6381 format, such as "avc1.4d001f".
  rfc6381_codec text not null,

  -- The serialized box, including the leading length and box type (avcC in
  -- the case of H.264).
  data blob not null check (length(data) > 86)
);

create table user (
  id integer primary key,
  username unique not null,

  -- Bitwise mask of flags:
  -- 1: disabled. If set, no method of authentication for this user will succeed.
  flags integer not null,

  -- If set, a hash for password authentication, as generated by `libpasta::hash_password`.
  password_hash text,

  -- A counter which increments with every password reset or clear.
  password_id integer not null default 0,

  -- Updated lazily on database flush; reset when password_id is incremented.
  -- This could be used to automatically disable the password on hitting a threshold.
  password_failure_count integer not null default 0,

  -- If set, a Unix UID that is accepted for authentication when using HTTP over
  -- a Unix domain socket. (Additionally, the UID running Moonfire NVR can authenticate
  -- as anyone; there's no point in trying to do otherwise.) This might be an easy
  -- bootstrap method once configuration happens through a web UI rather than text UI.
  unix_uid integer
);

-- A single session, whether for browser or robot use.
-- These map at the HTTP layer to two cookies (exact format described
-- elsewhere):
--
-- * "s" holds the session id and an encrypted sequence number for replay
--   protection. To decrease chance of leaks, it's normally marked as
--   HttpOnly, preventing client-side Javascript from accessing it.
--
-- * "sc" holds state needed by client Javascript, such as a CSRF token (which
--   should be copied into POST request bodies) and username (which should be
--   presented in the UI). It should never be marked HttpOnly.
create table user_session (
  -- The session id is a 20-byte blob. This is the unencoded, unsalted Blake2b-160
  -- (also 20 bytes) of the unencoded session id. Much like `password_hash`, a
  -- hash is used here so that a leaked database backup can't be trivially used
  -- to steal credentials.
  session_id_hash blob primary key not null,

  user_id integer references user (id) not null,

  -- A TBD-byte random number. Used to derive keys for the replay protection
  -- and CSRF tokens.
  seed blob not null,

  -- A bitwise mask of flags, currently all properties of the HTTP cookies
  -- used to hold the session:
  -- 1: HttpOnly ("s" cookie only)
  -- 2: Secure (both cookies)
  -- 4: SameSite=Lax (both cookies)
  -- 8: SameSite=Strict ("s" cookie only) - 4 must also be set.
  flags integer not null,

  -- The domain of the HTTP cookie used to store this session. The outbound
  -- `Set-Cookie` header never specifies a scope, so this matches the `Host:` of
  -- the inbound HTTP request (minus the :port, if any was specified).
  domain text,

  -- An editable description which might describe the device/program which uses
  -- this session, such as "Chromebook", "iPhone", or "motion detection worker".
  description text,

  creation_password_id integer,        -- the id it was created from, if created via password
  creation_time_sec integer not null,  -- sec since epoch
  creation_user_agent text,            -- User-Agent header from inbound HTTP request.
  creation_peer_addr blob,             -- IPv4 or IPv6 address, or null for Unix socket.

  revocation_time_sec integer,         -- sec since epoch
  revocation_user_agent text,          -- User-Agent header from inbound HTTP request.
  revocation_peer_addr blob,           -- IPv4 or IPv6 address, or null for Unix socket/no peer.

  -- A value indicating the reason for revocation, with optional additional
  -- text detail. Enumeration values:
  -- 0: logout link clicked (i.e. from within the session itself)
  --
  -- This might be extended for a variety of other reasons:
  -- x: user revoked (while authenticated in another way)
  -- x: password change invalidated all sessions created with that password
  -- x: expired (due to fixed total time or time inactive)
  -- x: evicted (due to too many sessions)
  -- x: suspicious activity
  revocation_reason integer,
  revocation_reason_detail text,

  -- Information about requests which used this session, updated lazily on database flush.
  last_use_time_sec integer,           -- sec since epoch
  last_use_user_agent text,            -- User-Agent header from inbound HTTP request.
  last_use_peer_addr blob,             -- IPv4 or IPv6 address, or null for Unix socket.
  use_count not null default 0
) without rowid;

create index user_session_uid on user_session (user_id);

insert into version (id, unix_time,                           notes)
             values (3,  cast(strftime('%s', 'now') as int), 'db creation');