add SSE-C support for HEAD, GET, PUT (#4894)

This change adds server-side-encryption support for HEAD, GET and PUT
operations. This PR only addresses single-part PUTs and GETs without
HTTP ranges.

Further this change adds the concept of reserved object metadata which is required
to make encrypted objects tamper-proof and provide API compatibility to AWS S3.
This PR adds the following reserved metadata entries:
- X-Minio-Internal-Server-Side-Encryption-Iv          ('guarantees' tamper-proof property)
- X-Minio-Internal-Server-Side-Encryption-Kdf         (makes Key-MAC computation negotiable in future)
- X-Minio-Internal-Server-Side-Encryption-Key-Mac     (provides AWS S3 API compatibility)

The prefix `X-Minio_Internal` specifies an internal metadata entry which must not
send to clients. All client requests containing a metadata key starting with `X-Minio-Internal`
must also rejected. This is implemented by a generic-handler.

This PR implements SSE-C separated from client-side-encryption (CSE). This cannot decrypt
server-side-encrypted objects on the client-side. However, clients can encrypted the same object
with CSE and SSE-C.

This PR does not address:
 - SSE-C Copy and Copy part
 - SSE-C GET with HTTP ranges
 - SSE-C multipart PUT
 - SSE-C Gateway

Each point must be addressed in a separate PR.

Added to vendor dir:
 - x/crypto/chacha20poly1305
 - x/crypto/poly1305
 - github.com/minio/sio

vendor/golang.org/x/crypto/poly1305/poly1305.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+// Copyright 2012 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+/*
+Package poly1305 implements Poly1305 one-time message authentication code as
+specified in https://cr.yp.to/mac/poly1305-20050329.pdf.
+
+Poly1305 is a fast, one-time authentication function. It is infeasible for an
+attacker to generate an authenticator for a message without the key. However, a
+key must only be used for a single message. Authenticating two different
+messages with the same key allows an attacker to forge authenticators for other
+messages with the same key.
+
+Poly1305 was originally coupled with AES in order to make Poly1305-AES. AES was
+used with a fixed key in order to generate one-time keys from an nonce.
+However, in this package AES isn't used and the one-time key is specified
+directly.
+*/
+package poly1305 // import "golang.org/x/crypto/poly1305"
+
+import "crypto/subtle"
+
+// TagSize is the size, in bytes, of a poly1305 authenticator.
+const TagSize = 16
+
+// Verify returns true if mac is a valid authenticator for m with the given
+// key.
+func Verify(mac *[16]byte, m []byte, key *[32]byte) bool {
+	var tmp [16]byte
+	Sum(&tmp, m, key)
+	return subtle.ConstantTimeCompare(tmp[:], mac[:]) == 1
+}