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update kernel tuning zh_CN document (#10433)
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# Linux服务器上MinIO生产环境的内核调优 [](https://slack.min.io) [](https://hub.docker.com/r/minio/minio/)
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## 调优网络参数
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这儿有一份针对MinIO服务器内核调优的建议， 你可以拷贝这个[脚本](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/deployment/kernel-tuning/sysctl.sh)到你的服务器上使用。
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以下网络参数设置可帮助确保Minio服务器在生产环境负载上的最佳性能。
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> 注意: 这是Linux服务器上的通用建议，不过在使用前也要非常小心。这些设置不是强制性的，而且也不能解决硬件的问题，所以不要使用它们提高
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> 性能掩盖硬件本身的问题。在任何情况下，都应该先进行硬件基准测试，达到预期结果后才真正的执行优化。
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- *`tcp_fin_timeout`* : 一个socket连接大约需要1.5KB的内存，关闭未使用的socket连接可以减少内存占用，避免出现内存泄露。即使另一方由于某种原因没有关闭socket连接，系统本身也会在到达超时时间时断开连接。 `tcp_fin_timeout`参数定义了内核保持sockets在FIN-WAIT-2状态的超时时间。我们建议设成20，你可以按下面的示例进行设置。
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```sh
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sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=30
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```
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#!/bin/bash
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- *`tcp_keepalive_probes`* : 这个参数定义了经过几次无回应的探测之后，认为连接断开了。你可以按下面的示例进行设置。
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cat > sysctl.conf <<EOF
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# maximum number of open files/file descriptors
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fs.file-max = 4194303
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```sh
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sysctl -w net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=5
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# use as little swap space as possible
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vm.swappiness = 1
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# prioritize application RAM against disk/swap cache
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vm.vfs_cache_pressure = 50
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# minimum free memory
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vm.min_free_kbytes = 1000000
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# follow mellanox best practices https://community.mellanox.com/s/article/linux-sysctl-tuning
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# the following changes are recommended for improving IPv4 traffic performance by Mellanox
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# disable the TCP timestamps option for better CPU utilization
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net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
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# enable the TCP selective acks option for better throughput
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net.ipv4.tcp_sack = 1
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# increase the maximum length of processor input queues
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net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 250000
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# increase the TCP maximum and default buffer sizes using setsockopt()
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net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
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net.core.wmem_max = 4194304
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net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
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net.core.wmem_default = 4194304
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net.core.optmem_max = 4194304
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# increase memory thresholds to prevent packet dropping:
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net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = "4096 87380 4194304"
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net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = "4096 65536 4194304"
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# enable low latency mode for TCP:
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net.ipv4.tcp_low_latency = 1
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# the following variable is used to tell the kernel how much of the socket buffer
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# space should be used for TCP window size, and how much to save for an application
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# buffer. A value of 1 means the socket buffer will be divided evenly between.
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# TCP windows size and application.
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net.ipv4.tcp_adv_win_scale = 1
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# maximum number of incoming connections
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net.core.somaxconn = 65535
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# maximum number of packets queued
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net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 10000
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# queue length of completely established sockets waiting for accept
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net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 4096
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# time to wait (seconds) for FIN packet
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net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 15
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# disable icmp send redirects
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net.ipv4.conf.all.send_redirects = 0
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# disable icmp accept redirect
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net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_redirects = 0
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# drop packets with LSR or SSR
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net.ipv4.conf.all.accept_source_route = 0
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# MTU discovery, only enable when ICMP blackhole detected
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net.ipv4.tcp_mtu_probing = 1
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EOF
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echo "Enabling system level tuning params"
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sysctl --quiet --load sysctl.conf && rm -f sysctl.conf
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# `Transparent Hugepage Support`*: This is a Linux kernel feature intended to improve
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# performance by making more efficient use of processor’s memory-mapping hardware.
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# But this may cause https://blogs.oracle.com/linux/performance-issues-with-transparent-huge-pages-thp
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# for non-optimized applications. As most Linux distributions set it to `enabled=always` by default,
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# we recommend changing this to `enabled=madvise`. This will allow applications optimized
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# for transparent hugepages to obtain the performance benefits, while preventing the
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# associated problems otherwise. Also, set `transparent_hugepage=madvise` on your kernel
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# command line (e.g. in /etc/default/grub) to persistently set this value.
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echo "Enabling THP madvise"
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echo madvise | sudo tee /sys/kernel/mm/transparent_hugepage/enabled
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```
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- *`wmem_max`*: 这个参数定义了针对所有类型的连接，操作系统的最大发送buffer大小。
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```sh
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sysctl -w net.core.wmem_max=540000
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```
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- *`rmem_max`*: 这个参数定义了针对所有类型的连接，操作系统最大接收buffer大小。
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```sh
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sysctl -w net.core.rmem_max=540000
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```
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## 调优虚拟内存
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下面是推荐的虚拟内存设置。
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- *`swappiness`* : 此参数控制了交换运行时内存的相对权重，而不是从page缓存中删除page。取值范围是[0,100],我们建议设成10。
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```sh
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sysctl -w vm.swappiness=10
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```
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- *`dirty_background_ratio`*: 这个是`脏`页可以占系统内存的百分比，内存页仍需要写到磁盘上。我们建议要尽早将数据写到磁盘上，越早越好。为了达到这个目的，将 `dirty_background_ratio` 设成1。
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```sh
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sysctl -w vm.dirty_background_ratio=1
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```
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- *`dirty_ratio`*: 这定义了在所有事务必须提交到磁盘之前，可以用脏页填充的系统内存的绝对最大数量。
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```sh
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sysctl -w vm.dirty_ratio=5
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```
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## 调优调度程序
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正确的调度程序配置确保Minio进程获得足够的CPU时间。 以下是推荐的调度程序设置。
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- *`sched_min_granularity_ns`*: 此参数定义了一个任务在被其它任务抢占时，可在CPU一次运行的最短时间，我们建议设成10ms。
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```sh
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sysctl -w kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns=10000000
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```
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- *`sched_wakeup_granularity_ns`*: 降低该参数值可以减少唤醒延迟，提高吞吐量。
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```sh
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sysctl -w kernel.sched_wakeup_granularity_ns=15000000
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```
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## 调优磁盘
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我们将磁盘调优的建议整合到了注释完备的 [shell script](https://github.com/minio/minio/blob/master/docs/deployment/kernel-tuning/disk-tuning.sh)，敬请查看。
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