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# Distributed Minio Quickstart Guide [![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/minio/minio?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/minio/minio)](https://goreportcard.com/report/minio/minio) [![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/minio/minio.svg?maxAge=604800)](https://hub.docker.com/r/minio/minio/) # Distributed Minio Quickstart Guide [![Gitter](https://badges.gitter.im/Join%20Chat.svg)](https://gitter.im/minio/minio?utm_source=badge&utm_medium=badge&utm_campaign=pr-badge&utm_content=badge) [![Go Report Card](https://goreportcard.com/badge/minio/minio)](https://goreportcard.com/report/minio/minio) [![Docker Pulls](https://img.shields.io/docker/pulls/minio/minio.svg?maxAge=604800)](https://hub.docker.com/r/minio/minio/) [![codecov](https://codecov.io/gh/minio/minio/branch/master/graph/badge.svg)](https://codecov.io/gh/minio/minio)
Minio in distributed mode lets you pool multiple drives (even on different machines) into a single object storage server. As drives are distributed across several nodes, distributed Minio can withstand multiple node failures and yet ensure full data protection. Minio in distributed mode lets you pool multiple drives (even on different machines) into a single object storage server. As drives are distributed across several nodes, distributed Minio can withstand multiple node failures and yet ensure full data protection.
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### High availability ### High availability
A stand-alone Minio server would go down if the server hosting the disks goes offline. In contrast, a distributed Minio setup with _n_ disks will have your data safe as long as _n/2_ or more disks are online. You'll need a minimum of _(n/2 + 1)_ ([Quorum](https://github.com/minio/dsync#lock-process)) disks to create new objects though. A stand-alone Minio server would go down if the server hosting the disks goes offline. In contrast, a distributed Minio setup with _n_ disks will have your data safe as long as _n/2_ or more disks are online. You'll need a minimum of _(n/2 + 1)_ [Quorum](https://github.com/minio/dsync#lock-process) disks to create new objects though.
For example, a 8 nodes distributed Minio setup, with 1 disk per node would stay put, even if upto 4 nodes are offline. But, you'll need atleast 5 nodes online to create new objects. For example, a 8 nodes distributed Minio setup, with 1 disk per node would stay put, even if upto 4 nodes are offline. But, you'll need atleast 5 nodes online to create new objects.
## Limitations ## Limitations
As with Minio in standalone mode, distributed Minio has the per tenant limit of minimum 4 and maximum 16 drives (imposed by erasure code). This helps maintain simplicity and yet remain scalable. If you need a multiple tenant setup, you can easily spin multiple Minio instances managed by orchestration tools like Kubernetes. As with Minio in standalone mode, distributed Minio has the per tenant limit of minimum 4 and maximum 16 drives (imposed by erasure code). This helps maintain simplicity and yet remain scalable. If you need a multiple tenant setup, you can easily spin multiple Minio instances managed by orchestration tools like Kubernetes.
Note that with distributed Minio you can play around with the number of nodes and drives as long as the limits are adhered to. For example you can have 2 nodes with 4 drives each, 4 nodes with 4 drives each, 8 nodes with 2 drives each, and so on. Note that with distributed Minio you can play around with the number of nodes and drives as long as the limits are adhered to. For example you can have 2 nodes with 4 drives each, 4 nodes with 4 drives each, 8 nodes with 2 drives each, and so on.
# Get started # Get started
If you're aware of stand-alone Minio set up, the process remains largely the same, as the Minio server automatically switches to standalone or distributed mode, depending on the command line parameters. If you're aware of stand-alone Minio set up, the process remains largely the same, as the Minio server automatically switches to standalone or distributed mode, depending on the command line parameters.
## 1. Prerequisites ## 1. Prerequisites
Install Minio - [Minio Quickstart Guide](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio). Install Minio - [Minio Quickstart Guide](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio).
## 2. Run distributed Minio ## 2. Run distributed Minio
To start a distributed Minio instance, you just need to pass drive locations as parameters to the minio server command. Then, you’ll need to run the same command on all the participating nodes. To start a distributed Minio instance, you just need to pass drive locations as parameters to the minio server command. Then, you’ll need to run the same command on all the participating nodes.
It is important to note here that all the nodes running distributed Minio need to have same access key and secret key. Otherwise nodes won't connect. To achieve this, you need to export access key and secret key as environment variables on all the nodes before executing Minio server command. It is important to note here that all the nodes running distributed Minio need to have same access key and secret key. Otherwise nodes won't connect. To achieve this, you need to export access key and secret key as environment variables on all the nodes before executing Minio server command.
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Example 1: Start distributed Minio instance with 1 drive each on 8 nodes, by running this command on all the 8 nodes. Example 1: Start distributed Minio instance with 1 drive each on 8 nodes, by running this command on all the 8 nodes.
``` ```
$ export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=<ACCESS_KEY> $ export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=<ACCESS_KEY>
$ export MINIO_SECRET_KEY=<SECRET_KEY> $ export MINIO_SECRET_KEY=<SECRET_KEY>
$ minio server http://192.168.1.11/export1 http://192.168.1.12/export2 $ minio server http://192.168.1.11/export1 http://192.168.1.12/export2
http://192.168.1.13/export3 http://192.168.1.14/export4 http://192.168.1.15/export5 http://192.168.1.16/export6 http://192.168.1.13/export3 http://192.168.1.14/export4 http://192.168.1.15/export5 http://192.168.1.16/export6
http://192.168.1.17/export7 http://192.168.1.18/export8 http://192.168.1.17/export7 http://192.168.1.18/export8
``` ```
![Distributed Minio, 8 nodes with 1 disk each](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/minio/master/docs/screenshots/Architecture-diagram_distributed_8.png) ![Distributed Minio, 8 nodes with 1 disk each](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/minio/master/docs/screenshots/Architecture-diagram_distributed_8.png)
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Example 2: Start distributed Minio instance with 4 drives each on 4 nodes, by running this command on all the 4 nodes. Example 2: Start distributed Minio instance with 4 drives each on 4 nodes, by running this command on all the 4 nodes.
``` ```
$ export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=<ACCESS_KEY> $ export MINIO_ACCESS_KEY=<ACCESS_KEY>
$ export MINIO_SECRET_KEY=<SECRET_KEY> $ export MINIO_SECRET_KEY=<SECRET_KEY>
$ minio server http://192.168.1.11/export1 http://192.168.1.11/export2 $ minio server http://192.168.1.11/export1 http://192.168.1.11/export2
@ -63,15 +66,16 @@ http://192.168.1.13/export1 http://192.168.1.13/export2
http://192.168.1.13/export3 http://192.168.1.13/export4 http://192.168.1.13/export3 http://192.168.1.13/export4
http://192.168.1.14/export1 http://192.168.1.14/export2 http://192.168.1.14/export1 http://192.168.1.14/export2
http://192.168.1.14/export3 http://192.168.1.14/export4 http://192.168.1.14/export3 http://192.168.1.14/export4
``` ```
![Distributed Minio, 4 nodes with 4 disks each](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/minio/master/docs/screenshots/Architecture-diagram_distributed_16.png) ![Distributed Minio, 4 nodes with 4 disks each](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/minio/minio/master/docs/screenshots/Architecture-diagram_distributed_16.png)
Note that these IP addresses and drive paths are for demonstration purposes only, you need to replace these with the actual IP addresses and drive paths. Note that these IP addresses and drive paths are for demonstration purposes only, you need to replace these with the actual IP addresses and drive paths.
## 3. Test your setup ## 3. Test your setup
To test this setup, access the Minio server via browser or [`mc`](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide). You’ll see the combined capacity of all the storage drives as the capacity of this drive. To test this setup, access the Minio server via browser or [`mc`](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide). You’ll see the combined capacity of all the storage drives as the capacity of this drive.
## Explore Further ## Explore Further
- [Minio Erasure Code QuickStart Guide](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-erasure-code-quickstart-guide) - [Minio Erasure Code QuickStart Guide](https://docs.minio.io/docs/minio-erasure-code-quickstart-guide)