diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index f6e506bc..1662d7f2 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ dist/
 /headscale
 config.json
 config.yaml
+config*.yaml
 derp.yaml
 *.hujson
 *.key
diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 76982608..91aed9ef 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -72,6 +72,8 @@ after improving the test harness as part of adopting [#1460](https://github.com/
 - Add APIs for managing headscale policy. [#1792](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/1792)
 - Fix for registering nodes using preauthkeys when running on a postgres database in a non-UTC timezone. [#764](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/issues/764)
 - Make sure integration tests cover postgres for all scenarios
+- CLI commands (all except `serve`) only requires minimal configuration, no more errors or warnings from unset settings [#2109](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2109)
+- CLI results are now concistently sent to stdout and errors to stderr [#2109](https://github.com/juanfont/headscale/pull/2109)
 
 ## 0.22.3 (2023-05-12)
 
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/api_key.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/api_key.go
index 372ec390..bd839b7b 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/api_key.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/api_key.go
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ var listAPIKeys = &cobra.Command{
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -67,14 +67,10 @@ var listAPIKeys = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting the list of keys: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		if output != "" {
 			SuccessOutput(response.GetApiKeys(), "", output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		tableData := pterm.TableData{
@@ -102,8 +98,6 @@ var listAPIKeys = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -119,9 +113,6 @@ If you loose a key, create a new one and revoke (expire) the old one.`,
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		log.Trace().
-			Msg("Preparing to create ApiKey")
-
 		request := &v1.CreateApiKeyRequest{}
 
 		durationStr, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("expiration")
@@ -133,19 +124,13 @@ If you loose a key, create a new one and revoke (expire) the old one.`,
 				fmt.Sprintf("Could not parse duration: %s\n", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		expiration := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))
 
-		log.Trace().
-			Dur("expiration", time.Duration(duration)).
-			Msg("expiration has been set")
-
 		request.Expiration = timestamppb.New(expiration)
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -156,8 +141,6 @@ If you loose a key, create a new one and revoke (expire) the old one.`,
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Api Key: %s\n", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response.GetApiKey(), response.GetApiKey(), output)
@@ -178,11 +161,9 @@ var expireAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting prefix from CLI flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -197,8 +178,6 @@ var expireAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot expire Api Key: %s\n", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response, "Key expired", output)
@@ -219,11 +198,9 @@ var deleteAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting prefix from CLI flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -238,8 +215,6 @@ var deleteAPIKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot delete Api Key: %s\n", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response, "Key deleted", output)
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/configtest.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/configtest.go
index 72744a7b..d469885b 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/configtest.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/configtest.go
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ var configTestCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Short: "Test the configuration.",
 	Long:  "Run a test of the configuration and exit.",
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		_, err := getHeadscaleApp()
+		_, err := newHeadscaleServerWithConfig()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msg("Error initializing")
 		}
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/debug.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/debug.go
index 054fc07f..72cde32d 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/debug.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/debug.go
@@ -64,11 +64,9 @@ var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -79,8 +77,6 @@ var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting node from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		machineKey, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("key")
@@ -90,8 +86,6 @@ var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting key from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		var mkey key.MachinePublic
@@ -102,8 +96,6 @@ var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse machine key from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		routes, err := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("route")
@@ -113,8 +105,6 @@ var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting routes from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		request := &v1.DebugCreateNodeRequest{
@@ -131,8 +121,6 @@ var createNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create node: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response.GetNode(), "Node created", output)
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go
index 4de7b969..b9e97a33 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/nodes.go
@@ -116,11 +116,9 @@ var registerNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -131,8 +129,6 @@ var registerNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting node key from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		request := &v1.RegisterNodeRequest{
@@ -150,8 +146,6 @@ var registerNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(
@@ -169,17 +163,13 @@ var listNodesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 		showTags, err := cmd.Flags().GetBool("tags")
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting tags flag: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -194,21 +184,15 @@ var listNodesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get nodes: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		if output != "" {
 			SuccessOutput(response.GetNodes(), "", output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		tableData, err := nodesToPtables(user, showTags, response.GetNodes())
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
@@ -218,8 +202,6 @@ var listNodesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -243,7 +225,7 @@ var expireNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -286,7 +268,7 @@ var renameNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -335,7 +317,7 @@ var deleteNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -435,7 +417,7 @@ var moveNodeCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -508,7 +490,7 @@ be assigned to nodes.`,
 			return
 		}
 		if confirm {
-			ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+			ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 			defer cancel()
 			defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -681,7 +663,7 @@ var tagCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Aliases: []string{"tags", "t"},
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go
index 00c4566d..d1349b5a 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/policy.go
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package cli
 
 import (
+	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
 
@@ -30,7 +31,8 @@ var getPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 	Short:   "Print the current ACL Policy",
 	Aliases: []string{"show", "view", "fetch"},
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -38,13 +40,13 @@ var getPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 
 		response, err := client.GetPolicy(ctx, request)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("Failed to get the policy")
-
-			return
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed loading ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
 		}
 
 		// TODO(pallabpain): Maybe print this better?
-		SuccessOutput("", response.GetPolicy(), "hujson")
+		// This does not pass output as we dont support yaml, json or json-line
+		// output for this command. It is HuJSON already.
+		SuccessOutput("", response.GetPolicy(), "")
 	},
 }
 
@@ -56,33 +58,28 @@ var setPolicy = &cobra.Command{
 	This command only works when the acl.policy_mode is set to "db", and the policy will be stored in the database.`,
 	Aliases: []string{"put", "update"},
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 		policyPath, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("file")
 
 		f, err := os.Open(policyPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("Error opening the policy file")
-
-			return
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error opening the policy file: %s", err), output)
 		}
 		defer f.Close()
 
 		policyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(f)
 		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("Error reading the policy file")
-
-			return
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error reading the policy file: %s", err), output)
 		}
 
 		request := &v1.SetPolicyRequest{Policy: string(policyBytes)}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
 		if _, err := client.SetPolicy(ctx, request); err != nil {
-			log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("Failed to set ACL Policy")
-
-			return
+			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to set ACL Policy: %s", err), output)
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(nil, "Policy updated.", "")
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/preauthkeys.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/preauthkeys.go
index cc3b1b76..0074e029 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/preauthkeys.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/preauthkeys.go
@@ -60,11 +60,9 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -85,8 +83,6 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 
 		if output != "" {
 			SuccessOutput(response.GetPreAuthKeys(), "", output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		tableData := pterm.TableData{
@@ -134,8 +130,6 @@ var listPreAuthKeys = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -150,20 +144,12 @@ var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		reusable, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("reusable")
 		ephemeral, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("ephemeral")
 		tags, _ := cmd.Flags().GetStringSlice("tags")
 
-		log.Trace().
-			Bool("reusable", reusable).
-			Bool("ephemeral", ephemeral).
-			Str("user", user).
-			Msg("Preparing to create preauthkey")
-
 		request := &v1.CreatePreAuthKeyRequest{
 			User:      user,
 			Reusable:  reusable,
@@ -180,8 +166,6 @@ var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Could not parse duration: %s\n", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		expiration := time.Now().UTC().Add(time.Duration(duration))
@@ -192,7 +176,7 @@ var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		request.Expiration = timestamppb.New(expiration)
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -203,8 +187,6 @@ var createPreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot create Pre Auth Key: %s\n", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response.GetPreAuthKey(), response.GetPreAuthKey().GetKey(), output)
@@ -227,11 +209,9 @@ var expirePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		user, err := cmd.Flags().GetString("user")
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error getting user: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -247,8 +227,6 @@ var expirePreAuthKeyCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot expire Pre Auth Key: %s\n", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response, "Key expired", output)
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/root.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/root.go
index b0d9500e..7bac79ce 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/root.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/root.go
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog"
 	"github.com/rs/zerolog/log"
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+	"github.com/spf13/viper"
 	"github.com/tcnksm/go-latest"
 )
 
@@ -49,11 +50,6 @@ func initConfig() {
 		}
 	}
 
-	cfg, err := types.GetHeadscaleConfig()
-	if err != nil {
-		log.Fatal().Err(err).Msg("Failed to read headscale configuration")
-	}
-
 	machineOutput := HasMachineOutputFlag()
 
 	// If the user has requested a "node" readable format,
@@ -62,11 +58,13 @@ func initConfig() {
 		zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(zerolog.Disabled)
 	}
 
-	if cfg.Log.Format == types.JSONLogFormat {
-		log.Logger = log.Output(os.Stdout)
-	}
+	// logFormat := viper.GetString("log.format")
+	// if logFormat == types.JSONLogFormat {
+	// 	log.Logger = log.Output(os.Stdout)
+	// }
 
-	if !cfg.DisableUpdateCheck && !machineOutput {
+	disableUpdateCheck := viper.GetBool("disable_check_updates")
+	if !disableUpdateCheck && !machineOutput {
 		if (runtime.GOOS == "linux" || runtime.GOOS == "darwin") &&
 			Version != "dev" {
 			githubTag := &latest.GithubTag{
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/routes.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/routes.go
index 86ef295c..96227b31 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/routes.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/routes.go
@@ -64,11 +64,9 @@ var listRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting machine id from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -82,14 +80,10 @@ var listRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 					fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get nodes: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
 					output,
 				)
-
-				return
 			}
 
 			if output != "" {
 				SuccessOutput(response.GetRoutes(), "", output)
-
-				return
 			}
 
 			routes = response.GetRoutes()
@@ -103,14 +97,10 @@ var listRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 					fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get routes for node %d: %s", machineID, status.Convert(err).Message()),
 					output,
 				)
-
-				return
 			}
 
 			if output != "" {
 				SuccessOutput(response.GetRoutes(), "", output)
-
-				return
 			}
 
 			routes = response.GetRoutes()
@@ -119,8 +109,6 @@ var listRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		tableData := routesToPtables(routes)
 		if err != nil {
 			ErrorOutput(err, fmt.Sprintf("Error converting to table: %s", err), output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		err = pterm.DefaultTable.WithHasHeader().WithData(tableData).Render()
@@ -130,8 +118,6 @@ var listRoutesCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -150,11 +136,9 @@ var enableRouteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting machine id from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -167,14 +151,10 @@ var enableRouteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot enable route %d: %s", routeID, status.Convert(err).Message()),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		if output != "" {
 			SuccessOutput(response, "", output)
-
-			return
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -193,11 +173,9 @@ var disableRouteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting machine id from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -210,14 +188,10 @@ var disableRouteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot disable route %d: %s", routeID, status.Convert(err).Message()),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		if output != "" {
 			SuccessOutput(response, "", output)
-
-			return
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -236,11 +210,9 @@ var deleteRouteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error getting machine id from flag: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -253,14 +225,10 @@ var deleteRouteCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot delete route %d: %s", routeID, status.Convert(err).Message()),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		if output != "" {
 			SuccessOutput(response, "", output)
-
-			return
 		}
 	},
 }
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/server.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/serve.go
similarity index 92%
rename from cmd/headscale/cli/server.go
rename to cmd/headscale/cli/serve.go
index a1d19600..9f0fa35e 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/server.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/serve.go
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ var serveCmd = &cobra.Command{
 		return nil
 	},
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		app, err := getHeadscaleApp()
+		app, err := newHeadscaleServerWithConfig()
 		if err != nil {
 			log.Fatal().Caller().Err(err).Msg("Error initializing")
 		}
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/users.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/users.go
index e6463d6f..d04d7568 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/users.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/users.go
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 
 		userName := args[0]
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -63,8 +63,6 @@ var createUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response.GetUser(), "User created", output)
@@ -91,7 +89,7 @@ var destroyUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 			Name: userName,
 		}
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -102,8 +100,6 @@ var destroyUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Error: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		confirm := false
@@ -134,8 +130,6 @@ var destroyUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 					),
 					output,
 				)
-
-				return
 			}
 			SuccessOutput(response, "User destroyed", output)
 		} else {
@@ -151,7 +145,7 @@ var listUsersCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -164,14 +158,10 @@ var listUsersCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Cannot get users: %s", status.Convert(err).Message()),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		if output != "" {
 			SuccessOutput(response.GetUsers(), "", output)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		tableData := pterm.TableData{{"ID", "Name", "Created"}}
@@ -192,8 +182,6 @@ var listUsersCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				fmt.Sprintf("Failed to render pterm table: %s", err),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 	},
 }
@@ -213,7 +201,7 @@ var renameUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
 		output, _ := cmd.Flags().GetString("output")
 
-		ctx, client, conn, cancel := getHeadscaleCLIClient()
+		ctx, client, conn, cancel := newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig()
 		defer cancel()
 		defer conn.Close()
 
@@ -232,8 +220,6 @@ var renameUserCmd = &cobra.Command{
 				),
 				output,
 			)
-
-			return
 		}
 
 		SuccessOutput(response.GetUser(), "User renamed", output)
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go b/cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go
index 409e3dc4..ff1137be 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/cli/utils.go
@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ const (
 	SocketWritePermissions  = 0o666
 )
 
-func getHeadscaleApp() (*hscontrol.Headscale, error) {
-	cfg, err := types.GetHeadscaleConfig()
+func newHeadscaleServerWithConfig() (*hscontrol.Headscale, error) {
+	cfg, err := types.LoadServerConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf(
 			"failed to load configuration while creating headscale instance: %w",
@@ -40,8 +40,8 @@ func getHeadscaleApp() (*hscontrol.Headscale, error) {
 	return app, nil
 }
 
-func getHeadscaleCLIClient() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *grpc.ClientConn, context.CancelFunc) {
-	cfg, err := types.GetHeadscaleConfig()
+func newHeadscaleCLIWithConfig() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *grpc.ClientConn, context.CancelFunc) {
+	cfg, err := types.LoadCLIConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Fatal().
 			Err(err).
@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ func getHeadscaleCLIClient() (context.Context, v1.HeadscaleServiceClient, *grpc.
 	return ctx, client, conn, cancel
 }
 
-func SuccessOutput(result interface{}, override string, outputFormat string) {
+func output(result interface{}, override string, outputFormat string) string {
 	var jsonBytes []byte
 	var err error
 	switch outputFormat {
@@ -151,21 +151,26 @@ func SuccessOutput(result interface{}, override string, outputFormat string) {
 		}
 	default:
 		// nolint
-		fmt.Println(override)
-
-		return
+		return override
 	}
 
-	// nolint
-	fmt.Println(string(jsonBytes))
+	return string(jsonBytes)
 }
 
+// SuccessOutput prints the result to stdout and exits with status code 0.
+func SuccessOutput(result interface{}, override string, outputFormat string) {
+	fmt.Println(output(result, override, outputFormat))
+	os.Exit(0)
+}
+
+// ErrorOutput prints an error message to stderr and exits with status code 1.
 func ErrorOutput(errResult error, override string, outputFormat string) {
 	type errOutput struct {
 		Error string `json:"error"`
 	}
 
-	SuccessOutput(errOutput{errResult.Error()}, override, outputFormat)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "%s\n", output(errOutput{errResult.Error()}, override, outputFormat))
+	os.Exit(1)
 }
 
 func HasMachineOutputFlag() bool {
diff --git a/cmd/headscale/headscale_test.go b/cmd/headscale/headscale_test.go
index 580caf17..00c4a276 100644
--- a/cmd/headscale/headscale_test.go
+++ b/cmd/headscale/headscale_test.go
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ import (
 	"io/fs"
 	"os"
 	"path/filepath"
-	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/juanfont/headscale/hscontrol/types"
@@ -113,60 +112,3 @@ func (*Suite) TestConfigLoading(c *check.C) {
 	c.Assert(viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled"), check.Equals, false)
 	c.Assert(viper.GetBool("randomize_client_port"), check.Equals, false)
 }
-
-func writeConfig(c *check.C, tmpDir string, configYaml []byte) {
-	// Populate a custom config file
-	configFile := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
-	err := os.WriteFile(configFile, configYaml, 0o600)
-	if err != nil {
-		c.Fatalf("Couldn't write file %s", configFile)
-	}
-}
-
-func (*Suite) TestTLSConfigValidation(c *check.C) {
-	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
-	if err != nil {
-		c.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	// defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
-	configYaml := []byte(`---
-tls_letsencrypt_hostname: example.com
-tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type: ""
-tls_cert_path: abc.pem
-noise:
-  private_key_path: noise_private.key`)
-	writeConfig(c, tmpDir, configYaml)
-
-	// Check configuration validation errors (1)
-	err = types.LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
-	c.Assert(err, check.NotNil)
-	// check.Matches can not handle multiline strings
-	tmp := strings.ReplaceAll(err.Error(), "\n", "***")
-	c.Assert(
-		tmp,
-		check.Matches,
-		".*Fatal config error: set either tls_letsencrypt_hostname or tls_cert_path/tls_key_path, not both.*",
-	)
-	c.Assert(
-		tmp,
-		check.Matches,
-		".*Fatal config error: the only supported values for tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type are.*",
-	)
-	c.Assert(
-		tmp,
-		check.Matches,
-		".*Fatal config error: server_url must start with https:// or http://.*",
-	)
-
-	// Check configuration validation errors (2)
-	configYaml = []byte(`---
-noise:
-  private_key_path: noise_private.key
-server_url: http://127.0.0.1:8080
-tls_letsencrypt_hostname: example.com
-tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type: TLS-ALPN-01
-`)
-	writeConfig(c, tmpDir, configYaml)
-	err = types.LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
-	c.Assert(err, check.IsNil)
-}
diff --git a/hscontrol/grpcv1.go b/hscontrol/grpcv1.go
index 83048bec..3f985d98 100644
--- a/hscontrol/grpcv1.go
+++ b/hscontrol/grpcv1.go
@@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ func (api headscaleV1APIServer) GetPolicy(
 	case types.PolicyModeDB:
 		p, err := api.h.db.GetPolicy()
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("loading ACL from database: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		return &v1.GetPolicyResponse{
@@ -696,20 +696,20 @@ func (api headscaleV1APIServer) GetPolicy(
 		absPath := util.AbsolutePathFromConfigPath(api.h.cfg.Policy.Path)
 		f, err := os.Open(absPath)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading policy from path %q: %w", absPath, err)
 		}
 
 		defer f.Close()
 
 		b, err := io.ReadAll(f)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("reading policy from file: %w", err)
 		}
 
 		return &v1.GetPolicyResponse{Policy: string(b)}, nil
 	}
 
-	return nil, nil
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("no supported policy mode found in configuration, policy.mode: %q", api.h.cfg.Policy.Mode)
 }
 
 func (api headscaleV1APIServer) SetPolicy(
diff --git a/hscontrol/types/config.go b/hscontrol/types/config.go
index 0b7d63b7..8767077e 100644
--- a/hscontrol/types/config.go
+++ b/hscontrol/types/config.go
@@ -212,6 +212,12 @@ type Tuning struct {
 	NodeMapSessionBufferedChanSize int
 }
 
+// LoadConfig prepares and loads the Headscale configuration into Viper.
+// This means it sets the default values, reads the configuration file and
+// environment variables, and handles deprecated configuration options.
+// It has to be called before LoadServerConfig and LoadCLIConfig.
+// The configuration is not validated and the caller should check for errors
+// using a validation function.
 func LoadConfig(path string, isFile bool) error {
 	if isFile {
 		viper.SetConfigFile(path)
@@ -284,14 +290,14 @@ func LoadConfig(path string, isFile bool) error {
 
 	viper.SetDefault("prefixes.allocation", string(IPAllocationStrategySequential))
 
-	if IsCLIConfigured() {
-		return nil
-	}
-
 	if err := viper.ReadInConfig(); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("fatal error reading config file: %w", err)
 	}
 
+	return nil
+}
+
+func validateServerConfig() error {
 	depr := deprecator{
 		warns:  make(set.Set[string]),
 		fatals: make(set.Set[string]),
@@ -360,12 +366,12 @@ func LoadConfig(path string, isFile bool) error {
 	if errorText != "" {
 		// nolint
 		return errors.New(strings.TrimSuffix(errorText, "\n"))
-	} else {
-		return nil
 	}
+
+	return nil
 }
 
-func GetTLSConfig() TLSConfig {
+func tlsConfig() TLSConfig {
 	return TLSConfig{
 		LetsEncrypt: LetsEncryptConfig{
 			Hostname: viper.GetString("tls_letsencrypt_hostname"),
@@ -384,7 +390,7 @@ func GetTLSConfig() TLSConfig {
 	}
 }
 
-func GetDERPConfig() DERPConfig {
+func derpConfig() DERPConfig {
 	serverEnabled := viper.GetBool("derp.server.enabled")
 	serverRegionID := viper.GetInt("derp.server.region_id")
 	serverRegionCode := viper.GetString("derp.server.region_code")
@@ -445,7 +451,7 @@ func GetDERPConfig() DERPConfig {
 	}
 }
 
-func GetLogTailConfig() LogTailConfig {
+func logtailConfig() LogTailConfig {
 	enabled := viper.GetBool("logtail.enabled")
 
 	return LogTailConfig{
@@ -453,7 +459,7 @@ func GetLogTailConfig() LogTailConfig {
 	}
 }
 
-func GetPolicyConfig() PolicyConfig {
+func policyConfig() PolicyConfig {
 	policyPath := viper.GetString("policy.path")
 	policyMode := viper.GetString("policy.mode")
 
@@ -463,7 +469,7 @@ func GetPolicyConfig() PolicyConfig {
 	}
 }
 
-func GetLogConfig() LogConfig {
+func logConfig() LogConfig {
 	logLevelStr := viper.GetString("log.level")
 	logLevel, err := zerolog.ParseLevel(logLevelStr)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -473,9 +479,9 @@ func GetLogConfig() LogConfig {
 	logFormatOpt := viper.GetString("log.format")
 	var logFormat string
 	switch logFormatOpt {
-	case "json":
+	case JSONLogFormat:
 		logFormat = JSONLogFormat
-	case "text":
+	case TextLogFormat:
 		logFormat = TextLogFormat
 	case "":
 		logFormat = TextLogFormat
@@ -491,7 +497,7 @@ func GetLogConfig() LogConfig {
 	}
 }
 
-func GetDatabaseConfig() DatabaseConfig {
+func databaseConfig() DatabaseConfig {
 	debug := viper.GetBool("database.debug")
 
 	type_ := viper.GetString("database.type")
@@ -543,7 +549,7 @@ func GetDatabaseConfig() DatabaseConfig {
 	}
 }
 
-func DNS() (DNSConfig, error) {
+func dns() (DNSConfig, error) {
 	var dns DNSConfig
 
 	// TODO: Use this instead of manually getting settings when
@@ -575,12 +581,12 @@ func DNS() (DNSConfig, error) {
 	return dns, nil
 }
 
-// GlobalResolvers returns the global DNS resolvers
+// globalResolvers returns the global DNS resolvers
 // defined in the config file.
 // If a nameserver is a valid IP, it will be used as a regular resolver.
 // If a nameserver is a valid URL, it will be used as a DoH resolver.
 // If a nameserver is neither a valid URL nor a valid IP, it will be ignored.
-func (d *DNSConfig) GlobalResolvers() []*dnstype.Resolver {
+func (d *DNSConfig) globalResolvers() []*dnstype.Resolver {
 	var resolvers []*dnstype.Resolver
 
 	for _, nsStr := range d.Nameservers.Global {
@@ -613,11 +619,11 @@ func (d *DNSConfig) GlobalResolvers() []*dnstype.Resolver {
 	return resolvers
 }
 
-// SplitResolvers returns a map of domain to DNS resolvers.
+// splitResolvers returns a map of domain to DNS resolvers.
 // If a nameserver is a valid IP, it will be used as a regular resolver.
 // If a nameserver is a valid URL, it will be used as a DoH resolver.
 // If a nameserver is neither a valid URL nor a valid IP, it will be ignored.
-func (d *DNSConfig) SplitResolvers() map[string][]*dnstype.Resolver {
+func (d *DNSConfig) splitResolvers() map[string][]*dnstype.Resolver {
 	routes := make(map[string][]*dnstype.Resolver)
 	for domain, nameservers := range d.Nameservers.Split {
 		var resolvers []*dnstype.Resolver
@@ -653,7 +659,7 @@ func (d *DNSConfig) SplitResolvers() map[string][]*dnstype.Resolver {
 	return routes
 }
 
-func DNSToTailcfgDNS(dns DNSConfig) *tailcfg.DNSConfig {
+func dnsToTailcfgDNS(dns DNSConfig) *tailcfg.DNSConfig {
 	cfg := tailcfg.DNSConfig{}
 
 	if dns.BaseDomain == "" && dns.MagicDNS {
@@ -662,9 +668,9 @@ func DNSToTailcfgDNS(dns DNSConfig) *tailcfg.DNSConfig {
 
 	cfg.Proxied = dns.MagicDNS
 	cfg.ExtraRecords = dns.ExtraRecords
-	cfg.Resolvers = dns.GlobalResolvers()
+	cfg.Resolvers = dns.globalResolvers()
 
-	routes := dns.SplitResolvers()
+	routes := dns.splitResolvers()
 	cfg.Routes = routes
 	if dns.BaseDomain != "" {
 		cfg.Domains = []string{dns.BaseDomain}
@@ -674,7 +680,7 @@ func DNSToTailcfgDNS(dns DNSConfig) *tailcfg.DNSConfig {
 	return &cfg
 }
 
-func PrefixV4() (*netip.Prefix, error) {
+func prefixV4() (*netip.Prefix, error) {
 	prefixV4Str := viper.GetString("prefixes.v4")
 
 	if prefixV4Str == "" {
@@ -698,7 +704,7 @@ func PrefixV4() (*netip.Prefix, error) {
 	return &prefixV4, nil
 }
 
-func PrefixV6() (*netip.Prefix, error) {
+func prefixV6() (*netip.Prefix, error) {
 	prefixV6Str := viper.GetString("prefixes.v6")
 
 	if prefixV6Str == "" {
@@ -723,27 +729,37 @@ func PrefixV6() (*netip.Prefix, error) {
 	return &prefixV6, nil
 }
 
-func GetHeadscaleConfig() (*Config, error) {
-	if IsCLIConfigured() {
-		return &Config{
-			CLI: CLIConfig{
-				Address:  viper.GetString("cli.address"),
-				APIKey:   viper.GetString("cli.api_key"),
-				Timeout:  viper.GetDuration("cli.timeout"),
-				Insecure: viper.GetBool("cli.insecure"),
-			},
-		}, nil
+// LoadCLIConfig returns the needed configuration for the CLI client
+// of Headscale to connect to a Headscale server.
+func LoadCLIConfig() (*Config, error) {
+	return &Config{
+		DisableUpdateCheck: viper.GetBool("disable_check_updates"),
+		UnixSocket:         viper.GetString("unix_socket"),
+		CLI: CLIConfig{
+			Address:  viper.GetString("cli.address"),
+			APIKey:   viper.GetString("cli.api_key"),
+			Timeout:  viper.GetDuration("cli.timeout"),
+			Insecure: viper.GetBool("cli.insecure"),
+		},
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// LoadServerConfig returns the full Headscale configuration to
+// host a Headscale server. This is called as part of `headscale serve`.
+func LoadServerConfig() (*Config, error) {
+	if err := validateServerConfig(); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	logConfig := GetLogConfig()
+	logConfig := logConfig()
 	zerolog.SetGlobalLevel(logConfig.Level)
 
-	prefix4, err := PrefixV4()
+	prefix4, err := prefixV4()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	prefix6, err := PrefixV6()
+	prefix6, err := prefixV6()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -763,13 +779,13 @@ func GetHeadscaleConfig() (*Config, error) {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("config error, prefixes.allocation is set to %s, which is not a valid strategy, allowed options: %s, %s", allocStr, IPAllocationStrategySequential, IPAllocationStrategyRandom)
 	}
 
-	dnsConfig, err := DNS()
+	dnsConfig, err := dns()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 
-	derpConfig := GetDERPConfig()
-	logTailConfig := GetLogTailConfig()
+	derpConfig := derpConfig()
+	logTailConfig := logtailConfig()
 	randomizeClientPort := viper.GetBool("randomize_client_port")
 
 	oidcClientSecret := viper.GetString("oidc.client_secret")
@@ -806,7 +822,7 @@ func GetHeadscaleConfig() (*Config, error) {
 		MetricsAddr:        viper.GetString("metrics_listen_addr"),
 		GRPCAddr:           viper.GetString("grpc_listen_addr"),
 		GRPCAllowInsecure:  viper.GetBool("grpc_allow_insecure"),
-		DisableUpdateCheck: viper.GetBool("disable_check_updates"),
+		DisableUpdateCheck: false,
 
 		PrefixV4:     prefix4,
 		PrefixV6:     prefix6,
@@ -823,11 +839,11 @@ func GetHeadscaleConfig() (*Config, error) {
 			"ephemeral_node_inactivity_timeout",
 		),
 
-		Database: GetDatabaseConfig(),
+		Database: databaseConfig(),
 
-		TLS: GetTLSConfig(),
+		TLS: tlsConfig(),
 
-		DNSConfig:             DNSToTailcfgDNS(dnsConfig),
+		DNSConfig:             dnsToTailcfgDNS(dnsConfig),
 		DNSUserNameInMagicDNS: dnsConfig.UserNameInMagicDNS,
 
 		ACMEEmail: viper.GetString("acme_email"),
@@ -870,7 +886,7 @@ func GetHeadscaleConfig() (*Config, error) {
 		LogTail:             logTailConfig,
 		RandomizeClientPort: randomizeClientPort,
 
-		Policy: GetPolicyConfig(),
+		Policy: policyConfig(),
 
 		CLI: CLIConfig{
 			Address:  viper.GetString("cli.address"),
@@ -890,10 +906,6 @@ func GetHeadscaleConfig() (*Config, error) {
 	}, nil
 }
 
-func IsCLIConfigured() bool {
-	return viper.GetString("cli.address") != "" && viper.GetString("cli.api_key") != ""
-}
-
 type deprecator struct {
 	warns  set.Set[string]
 	fatals set.Set[string]
diff --git a/hscontrol/types/config_test.go b/hscontrol/types/config_test.go
index 2b36e45c..e6e8d6c2 100644
--- a/hscontrol/types/config_test.go
+++ b/hscontrol/types/config_test.go
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package types
 
 import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/google/go-cmp/cmp"
@@ -22,7 +24,7 @@ func TestReadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			name:       "unmarshal-dns-full-config",
 			configPath: "testdata/dns_full.yaml",
 			setup: func(t *testing.T) (any, error) {
-				dns, err := DNS()
+				dns, err := dns()
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -48,12 +50,12 @@ func TestReadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			name:       "dns-to-tailcfg.DNSConfig",
 			configPath: "testdata/dns_full.yaml",
 			setup: func(t *testing.T) (any, error) {
-				dns, err := DNS()
+				dns, err := dns()
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 
-				return DNSToTailcfgDNS(dns), nil
+				return dnsToTailcfgDNS(dns), nil
 			},
 			want: &tailcfg.DNSConfig{
 				Proxied: true,
@@ -79,7 +81,7 @@ func TestReadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			name:       "unmarshal-dns-full-no-magic",
 			configPath: "testdata/dns_full_no_magic.yaml",
 			setup: func(t *testing.T) (any, error) {
-				dns, err := DNS()
+				dns, err := dns()
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -105,12 +107,12 @@ func TestReadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			name:       "dns-to-tailcfg.DNSConfig",
 			configPath: "testdata/dns_full_no_magic.yaml",
 			setup: func(t *testing.T) (any, error) {
-				dns, err := DNS()
+				dns, err := dns()
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
 
-				return DNSToTailcfgDNS(dns), nil
+				return dnsToTailcfgDNS(dns), nil
 			},
 			want: &tailcfg.DNSConfig{
 				Proxied: false,
@@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ func TestReadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			name:       "base-domain-in-server-url-err",
 			configPath: "testdata/base-domain-in-server-url.yaml",
 			setup: func(t *testing.T) (any, error) {
-				return GetHeadscaleConfig()
+				return LoadServerConfig()
 			},
 			want:    nil,
 			wantErr: "server_url cannot contain the base_domain, this will cause the headscale server and embedded DERP to become unreachable from the Tailscale node.",
@@ -145,7 +147,7 @@ func TestReadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			name:       "base-domain-not-in-server-url",
 			configPath: "testdata/base-domain-not-in-server-url.yaml",
 			setup: func(t *testing.T) (any, error) {
-				cfg, err := GetHeadscaleConfig()
+				cfg, err := LoadServerConfig()
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -165,7 +167,7 @@ func TestReadConfig(t *testing.T) {
 			name:       "policy-path-is-loaded",
 			configPath: "testdata/policy-path-is-loaded.yaml",
 			setup: func(t *testing.T) (any, error) {
-				cfg, err := GetHeadscaleConfig()
+				cfg, err := LoadServerConfig()
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -245,7 +247,7 @@ func TestReadConfigFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
 			setup: func(t *testing.T) (any, error) {
 				t.Logf("all settings: %#v", viper.AllSettings())
 
-				dns, err := DNS()
+				dns, err := dns()
 				if err != nil {
 					return nil, err
 				}
@@ -289,3 +291,49 @@ func TestReadConfigFromEnv(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestTLSConfigValidation(t *testing.T) {
+	tmpDir, err := os.MkdirTemp("", "headscale")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+	// defer os.RemoveAll(tmpDir)
+	configYaml := []byte(`---
+tls_letsencrypt_hostname: example.com
+tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type: ""
+tls_cert_path: abc.pem
+noise:
+  private_key_path: noise_private.key`)
+
+	// Populate a custom config file
+	configFilePath := filepath.Join(tmpDir, "config.yaml")
+	err = os.WriteFile(configFilePath, configYaml, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Couldn't write file %s", configFilePath)
+	}
+
+	// Check configuration validation errors (1)
+	err = LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = validateServerConfig()
+	assert.Error(t, err)
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "Fatal config error: set either tls_letsencrypt_hostname or tls_cert_path/tls_key_path, not both")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "Fatal config error: the only supported values for tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type are")
+	assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "Fatal config error: server_url must start with https:// or http://")
+
+	// Check configuration validation errors (2)
+	configYaml = []byte(`---
+noise:
+  private_key_path: noise_private.key
+server_url: http://127.0.0.1:8080
+tls_letsencrypt_hostname: example.com
+tls_letsencrypt_challenge_type: TLS-ALPN-01
+`)
+	err = os.WriteFile(configFilePath, configYaml, 0o600)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Couldn't write file %s", configFilePath)
+	}
+	err = LoadConfig(tmpDir, false)
+	assert.NoError(t, err)
+}
diff --git a/integration/cli_test.go b/integration/cli_test.go
index 9e7d179f..fd7a8c1b 100644
--- a/integration/cli_test.go
+++ b/integration/cli_test.go
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"sort"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
@@ -735,13 +736,7 @@ func TestNodeTagCommand(t *testing.T) {
 
 	assert.Equal(t, []string{"tag:test"}, node.GetForcedTags())
 
-	// try to set a wrong tag and retrieve the error
-	type errOutput struct {
-		Error string `json:"error"`
-	}
-	var errorOutput errOutput
-	err = executeAndUnmarshal(
-		headscale,
+	_, err = headscale.Execute(
 		[]string{
 			"headscale",
 			"nodes",
@@ -750,10 +745,8 @@ func TestNodeTagCommand(t *testing.T) {
 			"-t", "wrong-tag",
 			"--output", "json",
 		},
-		&errorOutput,
 	)
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	assert.Contains(t, errorOutput.Error, "tag must start with the string 'tag:'")
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "tag must start with the string 'tag:'")
 
 	// Test list all nodes after added seconds
 	resultMachines := make([]*v1.Node, len(machineKeys))
@@ -1398,18 +1391,17 @@ func TestNodeRenameCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Contains(t, listAllAfterRename[4].GetGivenName(), "node-5")
 
 	// Test failure for too long names
-	result, err := headscale.Execute(
+	_, err = headscale.Execute(
 		[]string{
 			"headscale",
 			"nodes",
 			"rename",
 			"--identifier",
 			fmt.Sprintf("%d", listAll[4].GetId()),
-			"testmaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaachine12345678901234567890",
+			strings.Repeat("t", 64),
 		},
 	)
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-	assert.Contains(t, result, "not be over 63 chars")
+	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "not be over 63 chars")
 
 	var listAllAfterRenameAttempt []v1.Node
 	err = executeAndUnmarshal(
@@ -1536,7 +1528,7 @@ func TestNodeMoveCommand(t *testing.T) {
 	assert.Equal(t, allNodes[0].GetUser(), node.GetUser())
 	assert.Equal(t, allNodes[0].GetUser().GetName(), "new-user")
 
-	moveToNonExistingNSResult, err := headscale.Execute(
+	_, err = headscale.Execute(
 		[]string{
 			"headscale",
 			"nodes",
@@ -1549,11 +1541,9 @@ func TestNodeMoveCommand(t *testing.T) {
 			"json",
 		},
 	)
-	assert.Nil(t, err)
-
-	assert.Contains(
+	assert.ErrorContains(
 		t,
-		moveToNonExistingNSResult,
+		err,
 		"user not found",
 	)
 	assert.Equal(t, node.GetUser().GetName(), "new-user")